{"slug": "jaffa", "label": "Jaffa", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180294", "qid": "Q180294", "description": "southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [-311, 1921], "span_label": ["312 BCE", "1921 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ascalon", "label": "Ascalon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tyre-lebanon", "label": "Tyre, Lebanon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "levant", "label": "Levant", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-jerusalem", "label": "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "caesarea-maritima", "label": "Caesarea Maritima", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lebanon", "label": "Lebanon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius rallies the remnants of his army at Tripolis and summons reinforcements from the garrisons of upper Syria and Cilicia; he also writes his father, Antigonus, and urges him to send help. Meanwhile Ptolemy captures Acre, Joppa, Samaria and Sidon, and starts to besiege Tyre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Syria/Mesopotamia/Babylonia", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Syria/Mesopotamia/Babylonia"}}, {"year": -147, "year_label": "148 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius II Nicator, claimant to the Seleucid throne had challenged Alexander Balas, in view of the threat of such an invasion Ptolemy VI Philometor entered Coele-Syria, passing through the cities of Ashdod and Jaffa, to Ptolemais.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341236547#Hellenistic_Egypt", "title": "148 BC", "revid": 1341236547, "section": "Events › By place › Hellenistic Egypt"}}, {"year": 66, "year_label": "66 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gallus leads his main force down the coast from Caesarea via Antipatris to Lydda, detaching other units, by land and sea, to neutralize the rebel strongholds at Joppa, Narbata and the Tower of Aphek. With Galilee and the entire Judean coast in his hands, Gallus assumes his campaign before the winter rains render the roads impassable. He turns inland and marches on Jerusalem, taking the road via the plain at Emmaus. Gallus succeeds in conquering Beit She'arim (the \"New City\") on the Bezetha Hill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330182683#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 66", "revid": 1330182683, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 971, "year_label": "971 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Qarmatian invasion of Egypt: The Qarmatians under al-Hasan al-A'sam invade Syria, recently conquered by the Fatimid Caliphate, capturing Damascus and Ramla, defeating a major Fatimid army and blockading another in Jaffa. A subsequent invasion of Egypt leads to widespread anti-Fatimid revolts in the Nile Delta, but the delay allows the Fatimid general Jawhar to prepare his defences, leading to the decisive Qarmatian at Ayn Shams on 24 December and the collapse of the invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918921#Middle_East", "title": "971", "revid": 1364918921, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – A naval squadron of six Genoese ships led by Guglielmo Embriaco (loaded with military materials) enters the port of Jaffa; all except one are trapped by a larger Fatimid fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#First_Crusade", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – The Crusaders under Baldwin I break their way out of Jaffa, which is encircled by the Fatimid Army. A charge of the French cavalry breaks the enemy's ranks, and forces them to retreat to Ascalon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Levant", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1134, "year_label": "1134 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Count Hugh II (du Puiset), in alliance with the Egyptian city of Ascalon, revolts against King Fulk V of Jerusalem, attempting to take Jaffa. Hugh submits to Fulk and is exiled for three years. While awaiting for a boat to Italy he is attacked by a Breton knight, but survives the attempted murder. Hugh retires to the Sicilian court of his cousin, King Roger II, who appoints him to the lordship of Gargano, where he dies soon afterwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321069056#Asia", "title": "1134", "revid": 1321069056, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Egyptian troops led by Saladin begins a campaign that paves the way for further Muslim inroads into Christian territory. Al-Adil invades Palestine with the Egyptian army, and captures the strategic castle of Mirabel (Majdal Yaba). By mid-September, Saladin has captured the cities of Acre, Jaffa, Gaza and Ascalon (blockaded by the Egyptian fleet), along with some 50 Crusader castles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Egypt", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – Richard I leads the Crusader army past Caesarea and is forced to turn inland, where he is separated from his supply ships. Saladin personally attacks the massed Crusader infantry, by bombarding them with arrows before charging their line with cavalry. During this brief but indecisive engagement, Richard is struck in the side by a crossbow bolt – though his armour absorbs much of the blow. By the end of the day, only 25 miles from Jaffa, Richard allows his men to rest (while recovering from his wounds) and re-assembles his forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1202, "year_label": "1202 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – An earthquake shakes the Levant from Egypt to northern Iraq, causing severe damage in Palestine, Lebanon and western Syria, including the fortifications of the Crusader cities of Acre, Jaffa and Tyre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187490#Middle_East", "title": "1202", "revid": 1369187490, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September", "text": "September – A second contingent joined by Frederick II, departs from Brindisi to the Levant. On September 11, during the second day of the voyage, one of Fredericks' companions, Louis IV of Thuringia, dies of an illness (possibly cholera) at Otranto. Frederick also becomes sick and decides to return home, while sending the rest of the Crusader fleet (20 galleys) to Acre. There, they fortify the coastal towns of Caesarea and Jaffa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Europe", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – Frederick II puts pressure on the negotiations by a military display. He assembles his Crusader army and marches down the coast to Jaffa – which he proceeds to refortify. At the same moment, Ayyubid forces under An-Nasir Dawud, who are not participating in the revolt at Damascus, move to Nablus, to intercept Al-Kamil's supply lines. Al-Kamil breaks off the negotiations, saying that the Crusaders have pillaged several Muslim villages, and only resumes them again when Frederick pays out compensation to the victims.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Sixth_Crusade", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Events › By place › Sixth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – An expeditionary force (some 4,000 knights) under Theobald I sets out from Acre for the Egyptian frontier, detachments from the military orders and several local barons accompany the Crusaders. While marching to Jaffa, a Crusader column led by Peter of Brittany and his lieutenant Raoul de Soissons with two hundred knights, lay an ambush and attacks a rich Muslim caravan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Levant", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – The Tower of David surrenders to the Khwarazmian forces. Some 6,000 Christian men, women and children march out of Jerusalem. As they move along the road toward Jaffa, they see crusader flags waving on the Walls of Jerusalem. Returning, some 2,000 of them are massacred.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Levant", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1253, "year_label": "1253 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – King Henry I of Cyprus (\"the Fat\") dies and is succeeded by his son Hugh II, who is only a few months old. His mother, Queen Plaisance of Antioch, claims the regency of Cyprus and the titular regency of Jerusalem. The High Court of Cyprus confirms her position, but the barons of Outremer require her attendance in person before they will recognize her. John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa, remains as bailli, and Plaisance contemplates marrying John's youthful son Balian. Meanwhile, King Louis IX of France (\"the Saint\"), still staying at Acre, continues to administer the government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362664638#Europe", "title": "1253", "revid": 1362664638, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1799, "year_label": "1799 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – War of the Second Coalition: Siege of Jaffa – Napoleon captures Jaffa in Palestine from the Ottomans and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370057226#January–March", "title": "1799", "revid": 1370057226, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The city of Tel Aviv (known in its first year as Ahuzat Bayit) is founded by the Jewish community, on the outskirts of Jaffa (at this time in the Ottoman Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#March–April", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1917, "year_label": "1917 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – WWI: Battle of Ayun Kara: The ANZAC Mounted Division occupies Jaffa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519608#November", "title": "1917", "revid": 1373519608, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1–7 – Jaffa riots: Riots at Jaffa, Mandatory Palestine result in 47 Jewish and 48 Arab deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#May", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › May"}}]}