{"slug": "james-cook", "label": "James Cook", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7324", "qid": "Q7324", "description": "British explorer, cartographer and naval officer (1728–1779)", "entries": 19, "years": 11, "span": [1758, 1779], "span_label": ["1758 CE", "1779 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 17}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "plymouth", "label": "Plymouth", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-zealand", "label": "New Zealand", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-france", "label": "New France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "oregon", "label": "Oregon", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – A fleet of 158 British Royal Navy warships, under the command of Admiral Edward Boscawen, departs from Plymouth toward North America in an effort to conquer the French Canadian territories of New France. Many of the sailors die of nutritional deficiencies along the way, including the scurvy that kills 26 of the crew of HMS Pembroke, captained by future world explorer James Cook on his first long voyage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#January–March", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – James Cook departs from Plymouth aboard on his first voyage of discovery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#July–September", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – James Cook arrives in Tahiti, on the ship HM Bark Endeavour, preparing for the 1769 Transit of Venus observed from Tahiti on June 3. After the voyage, the data is found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#April–June", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – James Cook names White Island, off the coast of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#October–December", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log) 18:00 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent. Land is sighted at Point Hicks, and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observes landform at 6am.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#April–June", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard complete the circumnavigation of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – Second voyage of James Cook in the Tuamotus: Captain Cook discovers Tekokota, which he names Doubtful Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#July–September", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain Cook in HMS Resolution (1771) becomes the first European explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#January–March", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16–17 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) Palmerston Island in the South Pacific Ocean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#April–June", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – English explorer James Cook becomes the first European to sight (and name) the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#July–September", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook takes possession of South Georgia for the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – Second voyage of James Cook: anchors off the south coast of England, Captain Cook having completed the first eastbound global circumnavigation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#July–December", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Captain James Cook sets off from Plymouth, England, in HMS Resolution on his third voyage, to the Pacific Ocean and Arctic, which will be fatal to him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#July–August", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Third voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain Cook locates Kiritimati (Christmas Island).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29–30 – Third voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain Cook discovers Mangaia and Atiu in the Cook Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution and HMS Discovery, first views Oʻahu then Kauaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he names the Sandwich Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6–October 24 – Captain Cook explores and maps the Pacific Northwest coast of North America, from Cape Foulweather (Oregon) to the Bering Strait.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#October–December", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Captain James Cook is killed on the Sandwich Islands, on his third voyage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#January–March", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}