{"slug": "james-ii-of-england", "label": "James II of England", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126188", "qid": "Q126188", "description": "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1685 to 1688 (1633–1701)", "entries": 41, "years": 21, "span": [1648, 1743], "span_label": ["1648 CE", "1743 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "william-iii-of-england", "label": "William III of England", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "old-style-and-new-style-dates", "label": "Old Style and New Style dates", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "mary-ii", "label": "Mary II", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "charles-ii-of-england", "label": "Charles II of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "james-francis-edward-stuart", "label": "James Francis Edward Stuart", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "church-of-england", "label": "Church of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "stadtholder", "label": "Stadtholder", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (d. 1730)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#January–March", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Births › January–March"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – The Company of the Royal Adventurers into Africa, planned by Prince James, brother of King Charles II to capture persons along the coast of West Africa for resale as slaves, receives its charter. Prince James, later King James II, had started asking for investors (at 250 pounds sterling per share) starting on October 3, 1660.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#October–December", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – The \"Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of foot\" is formed in London and serves as a precursor to the Royal Marines of the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#October–December", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – New Netherland is captured by England. The English promptly rename the fledgling city New York, after the Duke of York (later King James II).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#October–December", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1665, "year_label": "1665 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 (June 3 O.S.) – Second Anglo-Dutch War – Battle of Lowestoft: The English Navy, under James Stuart, Duke of York, is victorious against the Dutch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988545#April–June", "title": "1665", "revid": 1365988545, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1671, "year_label": "1671 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Anne Hyde, wife of the future James II of England (b. 1637)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365991065#Deaths", "title": "1671", "revid": 1365991065, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1673, "year_label": "1673 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – James, Duke of York, marries Mary of Modena; they meet for the first time immediately before the ceremony in Dover.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992268#October–December", "title": "1673", "revid": 1365992268, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – In England, the \"Habeas Corpus Parliament\" (or \"First Exclusion Parliament\") is dissolved, while in recess, by King Charles II. The King exercises his royal prerogative of dissolution to prevent the parliament from passing a bill that would exclude non-Anglicans from the succession to the English throne, specifically the king's Roman Catholic brother, James, Duke of York, as part of the Exclusion Crisis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#July–September", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – The coronation of King James II of England (and his Queen Consort, Mary of Modena) takes place at Westminster Abbey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#April–June", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Catholic James Stuart, Duke of York, becomes King James II of England and Ireland, and King James VII of Scotland, in succession to his brother Charles II (1660–1685), King of England, Scotland, and Ireland since 1660. James II and VII reigns until deposed, in 1688.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#January–March", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Monmouth Rebellion: In the Battle of Sedgemoor, the last pitched battle fought on English soil, the armies of King James II of England defeat rebel forces under James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, and capture the Duke himself shortly after the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#July–September", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland, lands at Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands, to challenge his uncle, James II, for the Crown of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#April–June", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – The Killing Time: Five Covenanters in Wigtown, Scotland, notably Margaret Wilson, are executed for refusing to swear an oath declaring King James of England, Scotland and Ireland as head of the church, becoming the Wigtown martyrs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#April–June", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – King James VII of Scotland dismisses the Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#July–September", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1686, "year_label": "1686 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – King James II of England appoints four Roman Catholics to the Privy Council of England, in defiance of the Test Acts, which bar Catholics from public office. Suspicions about James's intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting at Charborough House in Dorset, to plan his overthrow and replacement with the Protestant Dutch Stadtholder, William III of Orange-Nassau (James's son-in-law).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368502958#July–September", "title": "1686", "revid": 1368502958, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1687, "year_label": "1687 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – King James II of England issues the Declaration of Indulgence (or Declaration for the Liberty of Conscience), suspending laws against Roman Catholics and nonconformists.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363302904#April–June", "title": "1687", "revid": 1363302904, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1687, "year_label": "1687 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – The Declaration of Indulgence is issued in Scotland by King James VII as one of the first steps in establishing freedom of religion in the British Isles, eliminating enforcement of criminal penalties against persons who failed to conform with Anglicanism. As King James II of England, he issues a similar declaration on April 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363302904#January–March", "title": "1687", "revid": 1363302904, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1687, "year_label": "1687 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – King James II of England disbands the English parliament", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363302904#July–September", "title": "1687", "revid": 1363302904, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II attempts to flee to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#October–December", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 (January 20, 1687 old style) – King James II of England and Scotland issues a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender to Sir Robert Holmes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#January–March", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to \"defend the liberties of England\", and depose King James VII and II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#April–June", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – King James II of England orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England. The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on June 8 the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, is imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#April–June", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 (November 1 OS) – Glorious Revolution: William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis, the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#October–December", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – King James II of England dismisses his minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#October–December", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The overthrow of Catholic king James of England, Ireland, and Scotland in the Glorious Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#Events", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 (O.S.) – William III and Mary II are crowned in London as King and Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII deposed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#April–June", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a \"mob\" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#April–June", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 (January 12, 1688 O.S.) – Glorious Revolution in England: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King James II of England, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of 1688. The settlement of this is agreed on 8 February.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#January–March", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed James II of England lands with 6,000 French soldiers in Ireland, where there is a Catholic majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup. However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV, and refuse to support him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#January–March", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 –Playwright Henry Nevil Payne is tortured for his role in the Montgomery Plot to restore James II to the throne — the last time a political prisoner is legally subjected to torture in Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#October–December", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 (July 1 O.S.) – Battle of the Boyne in Ireland: King William III of England (William of Orange) defeats the deposed James II, who returns to exile in France. The rebellion in Ireland continues for a further year until the Orange army gains full control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#July–September", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – England passes the Act of Grace, forgiving followers of the deposed James II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#April–June", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 (December 28, 1694 O.S.) – The United Kingdom's last joint monarchy, the reign of husband-and-wife King William III and Queen Mary II comes to an end with the death of Queen Mary, at the age of 32. Princess Mary had been installed as the monarch along with her husband and cousin, Willem Hendrik von Oranje, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, in 1689 after King James II was deposed by Willem during the \"Glorious Revolution\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#January–March", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – A plot to ambush and assassinate King William III of England in order to restore King James and the House of Stuart to the throne is foiled when the king cancels his usual plan to return from a hunting trip by way of the road between Turnham Green and Brentford. The king's guard is alerted by the Earl of Portland, William Bentinck, who had been approached on February 13 by Sir Thomas Prendergast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#January–March", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – A royal proclamation is issued to arrest suspected Jacobite conspirators who had plotted the assassination of King William III, including gunman Robert Charnock and organizers George Barclay, and Sir John Fenwick. Barclay eludes capture, but Charnock and Fenwick are executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#January–March", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – Deposed King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) dies in exile, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France. His supporters, the Jacobites, turn to his son James Francis Edward Stuart (later called \"The Old Pretender\"), whom they recognise as James VIII and III. Louis XIV of France, the Papal States, and Spain also recognise him as the rightful heir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366683505#July–September", "title": "1701", "revid": 1366683505, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – The first major Jacobite rising in Scotland against the rule of King George I of Great Britain breaks out. The Earl of Mar raises the standard of James Edward Stuart, and marches on Edinburgh. James, the son of the deposed King James VII, arrives from France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355668843#July–September", "title": "1715", "revid": 1355668843, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1657)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#Deaths", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1730, "year_label": "1730 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560881#Deaths", "title": "1730", "revid": 1369560881, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1734, "year_label": "1734 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of James II of England and French military commander (b. 1670)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363450203#Deaths", "title": "1734", "revid": 1363450203, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – King Louis XV of France informs King Philip V of Spain of his intent to try to restore the House of Stuart to the throne of the United Kingdom. James Francis Edward Stuart was briefly the Crown Prince of England and Scotland until his father, King James II, was deposed in 1688 and, as Pretender to the Throne, would become King James III if the attack, planned for January 1, 1744 succeeds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#October–December", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}