{"slug": "java", "label": "Java", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3757", "qid": "Q3757", "description": "island of Indonesia", "entries": 30, "years": 28, "span": [535, 2018], "span_label": ["535 CE", "2018 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mataram-sultanate", "label": "Mataram Sultanate", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "indonesia", "label": "Indonesia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "dutch-east-india-company", "label": "Dutch East India Company", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "korea", "label": "Korea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dutch-east-indies", "label": "Dutch East Indies", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kublai-khan", "label": "Kublai Khan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "champa", "label": "Champa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fujian", "label": "Fujian", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 535, "year_label": "535 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Reports of the eruption of Krakatoa (Java), which possibly led to several years of climate change (see Extreme weather events of 535–536), are recorded in the Javanese Book of Kings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342880383#Asia", "title": "535", "revid": 1342880383, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1006, "year_label": "1006 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "A major eruption of the Mount Merapi volcano on Java causes devastation throughout the centre of the island (which it covers with volcanic ash) and to the Javanese Hindu Mataram kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344800605#Oceania", "title": "1006", "revid": 1344800605, "section": "Events › By place › Oceania"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kublai Khan sends a Mongol expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) to Java. He collects an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in southern China. The fleet travels past Champa (modern Vietnam) and the Karimata Islands. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of Kediri, but it proves impossible to hold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Asia", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1293, "year_label": "1293 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Hindu Majapahit Empire is founded by Kertarajasa in Java. It benefits from internal conflict and Mongol intervention, to defeat the Singhasari Kingdom and establish the empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350578384#Asia", "title": "1293", "revid": 1350578384, "section": "Events › By area › Asia"}}, {"year": 1324, "year_label": "1324 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – The Blitar Regency is established on the island of Java (part of modern-day Indonesia) by Java's King Jayanegara of Majapahit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303312513#July_–_September", "title": "1324", "revid": 1303312513, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1334, "year_label": "1334 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hayam Wuruk, Javanese ruler (d. 1389)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561442#Births", "title": "1334", "revid": 1369561442, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – Shen-Chi and Chang-Jhing-Chi, diplomatic envoys from China, land in Java to deliver a message from the Chinese Emperor to Muhammad Shah of Brunei.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#October–December", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1406, "year_label": "1406 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The Chinese merchant Chen Yanxiang and his crew of 121 people depart from Java to Korea on the pretext of being Java's ambassador to Korea. His djong ship carries with it with various Southeast Asian products, including parrots, peacocks, agarwood, camphor, and black pepper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357536622#April–June", "title": "1406", "revid": 1357536622, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1406, "year_label": "1406 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Chen Yanxiang and his surviving crew are hosted by King Taejong of Korea at Seoul. The State Council (Uijongbu) verifies in a letter to the rulers of Java confirming that the Korean ship had been attacked.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357536622#October–December", "title": "1406", "revid": 1357536622, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – The seventh Ming Chinese overseas expedition fleet, led by Admiral Zheng He, arrives at the port of Surabaya on the island of Java (now in Indonesia). The Chinese do trading until leaving on July 13", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#January–March", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1478, "year_label": "1478 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Demak Sultanate, the first Islamic state on the island of Java (now in Indonesia), ruled by Panembahan Jimbun, gains independence from Majapahit, after a civil war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359855585#Date_unknown", "title": "1478", "revid": 1359855585, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – First Dutch Expedition to Indonesia: A Dutch expedition commanded by Cornelis de Houtman returns to Amsterdam, after having successfully reached Java. This achievement opens the Spice trade, which had until then been monopolised by the Portuguese, to the Dutch, who in the next years launch several more expeditions to the Indies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#July–September", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – The Battle of Bantam is fought within what is now Indonesia off of the coast of the island of Java, as Walter Harmensz leads five Dutch Republic galleons in a successful attack against a Portuguese fleet led by André Furtado de Mendonça.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#October–December", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Dutch traders smuggle the coffee plant out of Mocha, a port in Yemen on the Red Sea, and cultivate it at the Amsterdam Botanical Gardens. The Dutch later introduce it to Java.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Sultan Agung of Mataram (located on the island of Java sends a fleet of ships to besiege the Dutch fort at Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia). The siege fails after four months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#July–September", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – The attempt by the Mataram Sultanate to drive the Dutch East India Company from the western part of the island of Java fails after 103 days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#October–December", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – The Javanese calendar is commenced on this day by the order of Sultan Agung of the Mataram Sultanate. It is the Javanese adaptation of the Hijri calendar, but it continues the year numbering of the Shaka era widely used in Java then, thus the calendar's epoch is 1 Sura 1555 AJ, corresponding with 1 Muharram 1043 AH.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#July–September", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1677, "year_label": "1677 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 26", "text": "February 26 – On the Indonesian island of Java, Amangkurat II of the Mataram Sultanate agrees to bring his kingdom under the protection of the Dutch East India Company to drive out rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727449#January–March", "title": "1677", "revid": 1360727449, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1678, "year_label": "1678 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – On the island of Java in modern-day Indonesia, the Kediri campaign begins as Mataram Sultanate and Dutch East India Company (VOC) forces under the command of VOC Captain François Tack begin marching from Jepara toward Kediri to suppress the Trunajaya rebellion that had driven out the Mataram Sultan. They are joined by two other columns of troops over the next fortnight.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368552109#July–September", "title": "1678", "revid": 1368552109, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – In modern-day Indonesia, the Trunajaya rebellion comes to an end with the surrender of Prince Panembahan Maduretno to the Sultan Amangkurat II of Mataram, ruler of the entire island of Java. While treated with respect as a prisoner of the occupying forces of the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC), Panembahan is killed seven days later by Amangkurat after the VOC allows him to attend a ceremonial visit to the sultan's palace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#October–December", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Cornelis Speelman of the Netherlands becomes the new Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and concludes an alliance with the Sultan Amangkurat II of the Mataram Sultanate on the island of Java, then uses the Dutch Army to suppress the rebellion started by the Sultan's half-brother, Prince Puger. Puger surrenders on November 28 to the ranking Dutch officer, Jacob Couper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#October–December", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Ageng Tirtayasa, Sultan of Banten on the island of Java (part of modern-day Indonesia), is captured by soldiers hired by the Dutch East India Company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#January–March", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1699, "year_label": "1699 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – A violent earthquake damages the city of Batavia on the Indonesian island of Java, killing at least 28 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560904#January–March", "title": "1699", "revid": 1369560904, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – First Javanese War of Succession: On the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), Pakubuwono I becomes the new Sultan of Martaram, capturing Kartosuro and deposing Sultan Amangkurat III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#July–September", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Treaty of Giyanti: The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the sultanate of Yogyakarta and the sunanate of Surakarta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#January–March", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5–11 – Napoleonic Wars: Raid on Griessie – A British Royal Navy squadron attacks the Dutch port of Griessie on Java in the Dutch East Indies, eliminating the last Dutch naval force in the Pacific and concluding the Java campaign of 1806–1807.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#October–December", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Volcano Kelud erupts in Java, killing about 5,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#May", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Mount Merapi volcano in central Java, Indonesia, erupts, destroying numerous villages and killing 1,300 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#December", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – The 6.4 Yogyakarta earthquake shakes central Java in Indonesia with an MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), leaving more than 5,700 dead and 37,000 injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#May", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – Lion Air Flight 610 crashes off the coast of Java, killing all 189 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#October", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › October"}}]}