{"slug": "jesus", "label": "Jesus", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302", "qid": "Q302", "description": "central figure of Christianity (c. 6 or 4 BC – AD 30 or 33)", "entries": 35, "years": 34, "span": [-6, 1975], "span_label": ["7 BCE", "1975 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 19}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "eastern-orthodox-church", "label": "Eastern Orthodox Church", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "religion", "label": "Religion", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iconoclasm", "label": "Iconoclasm", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -6, "year_label": "7 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Appearance of a very bright triple conjunction of the royal star Jupiter and Saturn in the sign of Pisces (land in the west) in May until December of that year since 854years, with a retrogradation and stationing on November 12. Robert A. Powell (1996) proposes that this is the birth date of Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#Astronomy", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Events › 7 BC › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1, "year_label": "1 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "AD 1 – Birth of Jesus, as assigned by Dionysius Exiguus in his anno Domini era according to at least one scholar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 27, "year_label": "27 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Using the dates and ranges listed in the Gospel of Luke, this year can be established as when John the Baptist begins preaching. It is also argued that Jesus was baptised by John in the final months of this year before his temptation and the first of three Passovers listed in the Gospel of John (another possibility is AD 29).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Palestine", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 27 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 29, "year_label": "29 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jesus is executed by crucifixion, according to Roman Catholic tradition and Tertullian's chronology.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Palestine", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 29 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 29, "year_label": "29 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "According to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 3:1-2), the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus is thought to have started this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Palestine", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 29 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 31, "year_label": "31 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Jesus of Nazareth (possible date of the crucifixion) (born circa 4 BC) The other possible dates also supported by scholarly consensus among a survey of 100 published scholarly biblical statements are April 7, AD 30 and April 3, AD 33, and April 27, AD 31 (according to a Chodesh calculating system).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#31_AD", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Deaths › 31 AD"}}, {"year": 33, "year_label": "33 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Jesus of Nazareth (possible date of the crucifixion) The other possible dates supported by a number of scholars are April 7, AD 30 and April 6, AD 31.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#33_AD", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Deaths › 33 AD"}}, {"year": 40, "year_label": "40 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera, Roman soldier (hypothesized by numerous scholars to have been the father of Jesus)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_40", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Deaths › AD 40"}}, {"year": 44, "year_label": "44 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "James the Great, apostle of Jesus (executed by the order of King Agrippa I)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_44", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Deaths › AD 44"}}, {"year": 52, "year_label": "52 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saint Thomas, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus, is believed to have landed in Kodungallur, India to preach the Gospel; the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church, the Indian Orthodox Church, and the Assyrian Church of the East claim descent from him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#India", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 52 AD › India"}}, {"year": 62, "year_label": "62 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "James the Just, brother of Jesus (martyred) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363561412#Deaths", "title": "AD 62", "revid": 1363561412, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 313, "year_label": "313 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160715#Religion", "title": "313", "revid": 1330160715, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 315, "year_label": "315 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The lamb becomes the symbol of Jesus in Christian art.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160516#Religion", "title": "315", "revid": 1330160516, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 326, "year_label": "326 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 (traditional date) – Helena, mother of Constantine I, discovers the so-called True Cross and the Holy Sepulchre (Jesus's tomb) in Jerusalem. On her pilgrimage, which begins about this year, she pauses on the Aegean island of Patmos, where she is said to found the church of Panagia Ekatontapiliani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366011464#Religion", "title": "326", "revid": 1366011464, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – Nestorius is made patriarch of Constantinople. He preaches a new doctrine, that will be called Nestorianism. It makes a distinction between the divine and human natures of Jesus, but comes under immediate attack from Pope Celestine I, and Cyril of Alexandria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Religion", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Leo I begins to formulate Orthodoxy and condemns Eutychianism, an extreme form of monophysitism which holds that the human nature of Christ is absorbed by His divine nature.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Religion", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 525, "year_label": "525 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Dionysius Exiguus, Scythian theologian-mathematician, inaugurates the practice of using A.D. (Anno Domini) in Rome for calendar dates after the birth of Jesus Christ, a system which has been supported by subsequent studies. Dionysius also produces his tables for computing the date of \"Cyclus Paschalis\" (Easter Tables).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792024#Religion", "title": "525", "revid": 1340792024, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 526, "year_label": "526 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "c. 526–547 – Sanctuary apse's mosaic showing Jesus enthroned and flanked by Saint Vitalis and Ecclesius, Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna) is made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754141#Religion", "title": "526", "revid": 1364754141, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "c. 549–564 – Transfiguration of Christ, mosaic in the apse, Church of the Virgin, Saint Catherine's Monastery in Egypt, is made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Religion", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Heraclius issues his Ekthesis, espousing the Monothelete doctrine (that there is only one will in Christ), and setting it forth as the official doctrine of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Ekthesis is vigorously opposed, notably by Maximus the Confessor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 787, "year_label": "787 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Second Council of Nicaea: Empress Irene restores the veneration of icons (images of Christ and saints). This is a major victory of the monks, who will advance extensive claims to complete freedom for the Eastern Orthodox Church in religious matters. This ends the iconoclastic period in the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558832#Religion", "title": "AD 787", "revid": 1369558832, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 944, "year_label": "944 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The \"Holy Mandylion\" (a cloth with the face of Jesus) is conveyed to Constantinople, where it arrives on the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos. A triumphal entry is staged for the relic in the capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512279#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "944", "revid": 1341512279, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 960, "year_label": "960 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark, consolidates his rule over Jutland and Zealand. He adopts Christianity, erecting a carved stone at Jelling to honour his parents. It features a runic inscription (best-known in Denmark) and an image of Christ surrounded by interlace. The other Scandinavian kingdoms slowly convert to Christianity (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272128#Europe", "title": "960", "revid": 1365272128, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Otto III makes Rome the administrative capital of the Holy Roman Empire and begins the construction of his imperial palace on the Palatine Hill. He restores the ancient Roman Senate to its position of prominence and adopts the title of \"Emperor of the Romans\". To this Otto adds the apostolic devotion formula servus Jesu Christi ('Servant of Jesus Christ').", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Europe", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1033, "year_label": "1033 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Panic spreads throughout Europe that the end of the universe may be near, on the 1,000th anniversary of the crucifixion of Christ, due to some unusually harsh spring weather. The Book of Revelation (Chapter 20) predicts the end of the earth after a 1,000 year period after the second return of Jesus Christ.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558009#Religion", "title": "1033", "revid": 1369558009, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1064, "year_label": "1064 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Great German Pilgrimage: Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz leads a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Either during this pilgrimage or shortly before it, the Ezzolied; a High German poem on the life of Jesus, is composed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558075#Religion", "title": "1064", "revid": 1369558075, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Pope Innocent III lays down the principle that Jews are doomed to perpetual servitude, because they had crucified Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Religion", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tbilisi becomes a capital of European Christian Cathedra, after the city of Smirna. George V (the Brilliant) returns Jerusalem and the Grave of Christ from the Muslims.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561422#Date_unknown", "title": "1341", "revid": 1369561422, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – Pope Gregory XI issues five papal bulls condemning the opinion of John Wycliffe, who has argued that Catholic priests should live in poverty, like the twelve disciples of Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#April–June", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Anabaptist Jan Matthys is killed by the Landsknechte, who laid siege to Münster on the day he predicted as the Second Coming of Christ. His follower John of Leiden takes control of the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#April–June", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The Báb is publicly proclaimed to be the promised one of Islam (the Qá'im, or Mahdi). He is also considered to be simultaneously the return of Elijah, John the Baptist and the \"Ushídar-Máh\" referred to in the Zoroastrian scriptures. He announces to the world the coming of \"He whom God shall make manifest\". He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh – the founder of the Baháʼí Faith – whose claims include being the return of Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372570203#October–December", "title": "1844", "revid": 1372570203, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May", "text": "May – Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claims to be the Promised Messiah (the second coming of Jesus) and the Mahdi awaited in Islam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#May", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Sun Myung Moon, a teenage Presbyterian convert in Korea under Japanese rule, claims to have a revelation from Jesus, telling him to complete his mission from almost 2,000 years ago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#April", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Pope Paul VI promulgates Nostra aetate, a \"Declaration on the Relation of the (Roman Catholic) Church with Non-Christian Religions\" by the Second Vatican Council which includes a statement that Jews are not collectively responsible for the death of Jesus (Jewish deicide).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#September–October", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Some members of Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Armageddon will occur this year based on the group's chronology and some sell their houses and businesses to prepare for the new world paradise which they believe will be created when Jesus establishes God's Kingdom on Earth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369955775#August", "title": "1975", "revid": 1369955775, "section": "Events › August"}}]}