{"slug": "jin-dynasty-11151234", "label": "Jin dynasty (1115–1234)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_dynasty_%281115%E2%80%931234%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5066", "qid": "Q5066", "description": "Jurchen dynasty that ruled in northern China 1115–1234 and its eponymous empire", "entries": 27, "years": 25, "span": [1068, 1234], "span_label": ["1068 CE", "1234 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "song-dynasty", "label": "Song dynasty", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "jurchen-people", "label": "Jurchen people", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "jinsong-wars", "label": "Jin–Song Wars", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "genghis-khan", "label": "Genghis Khan", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kaifeng", "label": "Kaifeng", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "huai-river", "label": "Huai River", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "beijing", "label": "Beijing", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hangzhou", "label": "Hangzhou", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ogedei-khan", "label": "Ögedei Khan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "yangtze", "label": "Yangtze", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mongols", "label": "Mongols", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – Taizu (Aguda), emperor of the Jin Dynasty (d. 1123)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Births", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1075, "year_label": "1075 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Taizong, emperor of the Jin dynasty (d. 1135)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265849#Births", "title": "1075", "revid": 1365265849, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1115, "year_label": "1115 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (or Great Jin) is created by the Jurchen tribal chieftain Taizu (or Aguda). He establishes a dual-administration system: a Chinese-style bureaucracy to rule over northern and northeast China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369310142#Asia", "title": "1115", "revid": 1369310142, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – Taizu, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 1068)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#Deaths", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Prince Wuqimai of the House of Wanyan becomes the new Emperor of China after the death, on September 19, of his elder brother, the Emperor Taizu, founder of the Jin dynasty. Wuqimai is proclaimed the Emperor Taizong of Jin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#July–September", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By date › July–September"}}, {"year": 1125, "year_label": "1125 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – Jin–Song War: Emperor Taizong of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty declares war on the Chinese Song dynasty – and orders his armies to invade Song territory. He sends the Western army to the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi province and the Eastern army to Bianjing (modern-day Kaifeng), the Song capital. The Song forces are not expecting an invasion and are caught off guard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270881#Asia", "title": "1125", "revid": 1365270881, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1129, "year_label": "1129 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin–Song War: Emperor Gao Zong of the Song dynasty moves the capital from Yangzhou to Hangzhou, after the Jurchen Jin dynasty captures Kaifeng in the Jingkang Incident.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329978071#Asia", "title": "1129", "revid": 1329978071, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1130, "year_label": "1130 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Jin–Song Wars: Jin forces take Hangzhou.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368549867#Events", "title": "1130", "revid": 1368549867, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin–Song War – Song forces under Yue Fei begin a counteroffensive against the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty in northern China. He defeats Jin forces, by entangling his paddle-wheel ships at the Huai River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Asia", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Taizong, emperor of the Jin dynasty (b. 1075)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Deaths", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1139, "year_label": "1139 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 or August 21 – Jin–Song Wars: Battle of Yancheng – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362158770#Asia", "title": "1139", "revid": 1362158770, "section": "Events › By region › Asia"}}, {"year": 1140, "year_label": "1140 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Jin–Song Wars – Battle of Yancheng: Chinese forces under the command of Yue Fei defeat a numerically superior Jin army led by Wuzhu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307539#Asia", "title": "1140", "revid": 1367307539, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1141, "year_label": "1141 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "November – The Jin dynasty and Southern Song dynasty sign the Treaty of Shaoxing, and peace in the Jin–Song Wars lasts for the next twenty years. The Huai River is established as the boundary between them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357081133#Events", "title": "1141", "revid": 1357081133, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Despite having saved the southern Song Dynasty from attempts by the northern Jin Dynasty to conquer it, Chinese general Yue Fei is executed by the Song government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Asia", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1150, "year_label": "1150 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – Xi Zong, Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 1119)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164290#Deaths", "title": "1150", "revid": 1362164290, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1161, "year_label": "1161 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin–Song Wars: The Battle of Tangdao (November 16) and Battle of Caishi (November 26–27) on the Yangtze River, between the Jin dynasty and the Song dynasty in China result in two pivotal Song naval victories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116018#Asia", "title": "1161", "revid": 1300116018, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1162, "year_label": "1162 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Emperor Gaozong of Song becomes embroiled in war again as hostilities resume with the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (or \"Great Jin\") after 21 years of peace. Another peace treaty is signed, Gao abdicates the throne in favor of his adopted son Xiaozong. The smaller Southern Song empire becomes richer than the Song dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184511#China", "title": "1162", "revid": 1369184511, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 1165, "year_label": "1165 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In China the Jin dynasty (\"Great Jin\") and the Song dynasty make a lasting peace (until 1205).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483614#Asia", "title": "1165", "revid": 1362483614, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1195, "year_label": "1195 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Temüjin, in alliance with the Jin dynasty of China, launches his first major campaign against the Tatars. This military action marks a new, formalized phase in Temüjin's rise to power and his ongoing unification of the various steppe tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326044730#Events", "title": "1195", "revid": 1326044730, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1197, "year_label": "1197 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Genghis Khan (or Temüjin), with help from the Keraites, defeats the Jurchens of the Jin dynasty. The Jin bestow Genghis' blood brother Toghrul with the honorable title of Ong Khan, and Genghis receives the lesser title of j'aut quri. During the winter, Toghrul returns and re-establishes himself as leader of the Keraites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224721#Asia", "title": "1197", "revid": 1371224721, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1200, "year_label": "1200 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Temüjin (or Genghis Khan) manages to unite about half the feuding Mongol clans under his leadership. He delegates authority based on skill and loyalty, rather than tribal affiliation or family. The main rivals of the Mongol confederation are the Naimans to the west, the Merkits to the north, the Tanguts to the south and the Jin Dynasty (or Great Jin) to the east.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354902191#Asia", "title": "1200", "revid": 1354902191, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1213, "year_label": "1213 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170181#Events", "title": "1213", "revid": 1362170181, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Xuan Zong of the Jurchen-led Chinese Jin dynasty surrenders to the Mongols under Genghis khan – who have besieged the capital of Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing) for a year. He is forced to pay tribute (including some 3,000 horses, 10,000 'bolts' of silk and his daughter), along with subjugation to the Mongol Khan. Xuan Zong abandons northern China and moves his court to Kaifeng.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329586748#Asia", "title": "1214", "revid": 1329586748, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Mongol army under Muqali (or Mukhali) attacks Hebei Province, as well as Shandong Province and Shaanxi Province (controlled by the Jin Dynasty). He returns to Genghis Khan's camp in Mongolia, and receives the hereditary of prince with the title \"Grand Preceptor of the Empire\", a golden seal, and a white standard with nine tails and a black crescent in the middle. He is appointed as commander-in-chief of operations in North China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Asia", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Events › Other events by place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Emperor Xuan Zong of the Chinese Jurchen-led Jin dynasty dies after a 10-year reign. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old son, Ai Zong, who conquers more Song territory during the Jin–Song Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#January_–_March", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1233, "year_label": "1233 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongol army led by Ögedei Khan captures Kaifeng, capital of the Jin dynasty ('Great Jin'), after the 13-month Siege of Kaifeng (1232). The Mongols plunder the city, while Emperor Aizong of Jin flees for the town of Caizhou. Meanwhile, Ögedei departs and leaves the final conquest to his favoured general, Subutai.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489040#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1233", "revid": 1367489040, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1234, "year_label": "1234 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: The Mongol army led by Ögedei Khan captures the Jin capital at Caizhou, after the two-month Siege of Caizhou). Emperor Aizong of Jin abdicates the throne to Wanyan Chenglin, a descendant of the Jin imperial clan. After the Mongol and Song forces have breached the city walls, Aizong tries to escape, but commits suicide to avoid being captured. This marks the end of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) ('Great Jin') in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364989988#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1234", "revid": 1364989988, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}]}