{"slug": "john-balliol", "label": "John Balliol", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Balliol", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310065", "qid": "Q310065", "description": "King of Scots", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [1291, 1299], "span_label": ["1291 CE", "1299 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edward-i-of-england", "label": "Edward I of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-during-the-middle-ages", "label": "France during the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "berwick-upon-tweed", "label": "Berwick-upon-Tweed", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scone-scotland", "label": "Scone, Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "william-wallace", "label": "William Wallace", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-i", "label": "Edward I", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Several nobles unsuccessfully claim the Scottish throne (a process known as the 'Great Cause'), including John Balliol, Robert de Brus, John Hastings and William de Vesci. Fearing civil war, the Guardians of Scotland ask King Edward I of England to arbitrate. Before agreeing, he obtains concessions to revive English overlordship over the Scots.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Britain", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – John Balliol is selected by King Edward I of England as ruler of Scotland at Berwick from among 13 competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, provoking the Wars of Scottish Independence, commencing in 1296. John is crowned at Scone on November 30 (Saint Andrew's Day). Scotland's castles are returned to the powerful magnates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Britain", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance (\"Old Alliance\"), between Scotland and France against England, is signed in Paris by Kings John Balliol and Philip IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1296, "year_label": "1296 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Battle of Dunbar: John Balliol's Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368372269#January–December", "title": "1296", "revid": 1368372269, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "William Wallace accompanied by a Scottish retinue goes abroad to France on a diplomatic mission, evidently to canvas support for the kingship of John Balliol.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#British_Isles", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}]}