{"slug": "john-of-gaunt", "label": "John of Gaunt", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193752", "qid": "Q193752", "description": "English magnate of the House of Plantagenet (1340-1399)", "entries": 24, "years": 20, "span": [1340, 1403], "span_label": ["1340 CE", "1403 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "richard-ii-of-england", "label": "Richard II of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "calais", "label": "Calais", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "edward-iii", "label": "Edward III", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edward-the-black-prince", "label": "Edward the Black Prince", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "crown-of-castile", "label": "Crown of Castile", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-iv-of-england", "label": "Henry IV of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "philip-the-bold", "label": "Philip the Bold", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-aquitaine", "label": "Duchy of Aquitaine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "archbishop-of-canterbury", "label": "Archbishop of Canterbury", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1340, "year_label": "1340 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319621241#Births", "title": "1340", "revid": 1319621241, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1345, "year_label": "1345 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 or 1347 – Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1369)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366119534#Births", "title": "1345", "revid": 1366119534, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1350, "year_label": "1350 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Katherine Swynford, mistress of John of Gaunt (approximate date; d. 1403)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358971362#Births", "title": "1350", "revid": 1358971362, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1354, "year_label": "1354 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Constance of Castile, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1394)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325866553#Births", "title": "1354", "revid": 1325866553, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1367, "year_label": "1367 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – At Avignon, Pope Urban V learns of a possible invasion of France by John of Gaunt and his intention to capture Provence, and writes to England's King Edward III to take steps to prevent it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373413377#July–September", "title": "1367", "revid": 1373413377, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Blanche of Lancaster, English duchess, spouse of John of Gaunt (b. 1345)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Deaths", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, lands with English troops at Calais to begin a raid in France while Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, assembles troops to confront the English invasion. The standoff continues while Lancaster waits for additional troops from the Earl of Warwick.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#July–September", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, resigns his command from the English Army and abandons the attempt to recapture the Duchy of Aquitaine, but remains in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#July–September", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III of England, marries Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile, giving John a claim to the throne of Castile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#July–September", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and the third son of England's King Edward III, begins a claim to the throne of Spain's Crown of Castile after his September 21 marriage to Princess Constance of Castile. King Pedro of Castile, who was killed by his brother, who took control as King Enrique II, in 1369.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#January–March", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – The Treaty of Tagilde is signed between Ferdinand I of Portugal and representatives of John of Gaunt of England, marking the beginning of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, which remains in effect into the 21st century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#July–September", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt launches a new invasion of France, setting out with 15,000 men from Calais and marching through Picardy, Champagne and Burgundy, \"burning and destroying as he advanced", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#July–September", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – John of Gaunt's chevauchée of 1373: King Edward III appoints John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster as his captain-general in the war in France and sends him with a large army across the English Channel to Calais.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#April–June", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – In a meeting at Dax in what is now the département of Landes, Gaston III of Foix, overlord in France of multiple territories in the Pyrenees as Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn forms an alliance with England's John of Gaunt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#January–March", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – In the Duchy of Aquitaine, now part of France but at the time ruled by the King of England, the civic leaders of the town of Soule sign an agreement with Gaston III of Foix, popularly known as \"Fébus\", for his protection against raids from John of Gaunt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#July–September", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – The day before his death, Prince Edward of Wales, heir to the English throne and known as \"The Black Prince\" summons his father, King Edward III, and brother, John of Gaunt, and makes them swear to uphold the claim to the throne of his son Richard. Edward is the first \"English\" Prince of Wales (as opposed to Welsh) not to become King of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#April–June", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – King Edward III of England formally confers knighthood upon two of his grandsons, both aged 10, Prince Richard of Woodstock (son of King Edward's deceased son Edward the Black Prince), and upon Henry Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt), as well as his 13-year-old illegitimate son John de Southeray, and 11-year-old John de Mowbray. Two months later, Prince Richard will become King Richard II upon Edward's death, and in 1399, Bolingbroke will overthrow Richard and becomes King Henry IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#April–June", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1377, "year_label": "1377 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – The \"Bad Parliament\", the 48th and last to be convened during the reign of King Edward III of England, begins its session with the goal of repealing most of the acts of the 1376 Parliament. Influenced by John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and son of King Edward, it undoes the work done by the Good Parliament, the previous year, to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. For the first time, the leader of the members of the House of Commons has a title, as Sir Thomas Hungerford, Gaunt's steward, is selected as the first \"Speaker of the House of Commons\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368383535#January–March", "title": "1377", "revid": 1368383535, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Peasants' Revolt: The Archbishop of Canterbury, Simon Sudbury", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#April–June", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1385, "year_label": "1385 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of the late King Edward III of England and uncle of King Richard II, flees London after learning during a joust that he has been targeted for assassination by the King's advisors Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk and Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford; and John de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362439687#January–March", "title": "1385", "revid": 1362439687, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1386, "year_label": "1386 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and oldest surviving son of the late King Edward II of England, departs from England with 5,000 men and a fleet of English and Portuguese ships to make good his claim to the throne of Castile. John, whose nephew became King Richard II upon Edward's death, claims the Castilian throne by right of his marriage to Constanza of Castile in 1371.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359789728#July–September", "title": "1386", "revid": 1359789728, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1388, "year_label": "1388 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 –John of Gaunt, the uncle of Richard II of England, makes peace with Castile and gives up his claim to the Castilian throne, by allowing his daughter Catherine of Lancaster to marry Prince Henry, the eldest son of John I of Castile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360557860#July–September", "title": "1388", "revid": 1360557860, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Aquitaine uncle of King Richard II of England and father of Henry Bolingbroke, dies and King Richard becomes ruler of the Duchy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#January–March", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster, spouse of John of Gaunt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#Deaths", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Deaths"}}]}