{"slug": "judaism", "label": "Judaism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9268", "qid": "Q9268", "description": "Abrahamic monotheistic ethnic religion of the Jews", "entries": 11, "years": 11, "span": [435, 1990], "span_label": ["435 CE", "1990 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-inquisition", "label": "Spanish Inquisition", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muhammad", "label": "Muhammad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "saudi-arabia", "label": "Saudi Arabia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "medina", "label": "Medina", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "portugal", "label": "Portugal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "inquisition", "label": "Inquisition", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 435, "year_label": "435 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – Emperor Theodosius II orders a new edict for the death penalty of all heretics and pagans in the Empire. Judaism is considered a legal non-Christian religion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339038049#Roman_Empire", "title": "435", "revid": 1339038049, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 518, "year_label": "518 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Jewish king Dhu Nuwas (also known as Yūsuf Asar Yathar) usurps the kingship of Himyar from Ma'dikarib Ya'fur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754317#Arabia", "title": "518", "revid": 1364754317, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Jewish community in Medina (Saudi Arabia) rejects the idea of Muhammad being a leader of Judaism. He and his followers stop bowing toward Jerusalem and start bowing toward Makkah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Religion", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Khazars, a nation of the Black Sea steppe, though not ethnically Jewish, voluntarily convert to Judaism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Religion", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 838, "year_label": "838 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Possible conversion of some Khazars to Judaism (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941885#Religion", "title": "838", "revid": 1340941885, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1232, "year_label": "1232 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Domus Conversorum (\"House of the Converts\"), a building and institution in London for Jewish converts to Christianity, is established by Henry III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489153#England", "title": "1232", "revid": 1367489153, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Frederick the Simple, King of Sicily, issues an order on Christmas Day directing all Jews on the island to wear a red badge identifying their heritage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#October–December", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1481, "year_label": "1481 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – The first execution during the Spanish Inquisition is carried out in Seville in an auto-da-fé as six people convicted of heresy are burned alive. As a result of this and other murders, thousands of conversos— mostly Jewish people who had converted to Christianity— flee their homes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936509#January–March", "title": "1481", "revid": 1365936509, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1509, "year_label": "1509 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Johannes Pfefferkorn writes his fourth and fifth pamphlets condemning the Jewish faith and people, Das Osterbuch and Der Judenfeind.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369335853#Date_unknown", "title": "1509", "revid": 1369335853, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – The Inquisition in Portugal carries out the sentence of burning at the stake against several Marrano Jews in Évora.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#October–December", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Spain grants Protestantism and Judaism legal equality with the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#February", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › February"}}]}