{"slug": "judea", "label": "Judea", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judea", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104028", "qid": "Q104028", "description": "region of ancient Israel", "entries": 73, "years": 61, "span": [-443, 616], "span_label": ["444 BCE", "616 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 21}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 20}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 10}, {"title": "Births", "count": 8}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}], "related": [{"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 17}, {"slug": "herod-the-great", "label": "Herod the Great", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "galilee", "label": "Galilee", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "jew", "label": "Jew", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "parthian-empire", "label": "Parthian Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "phoenicia", "label": "Phoenicia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antiochus-iv-epiphanes", "label": "Antiochus IV Epiphanes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hadrian", "label": "Hadrian", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -443, "year_label": "444 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Nehemiah, the Jewish cupbearer to Artaxerxes I at Susa, is given permission by Artaxerxes to return to Jerusalem as governor of Judea, in order to rebuild parts of it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1255871584#Persian_empire", "title": "444 BC", "revid": 1255871584, "section": "Events › By place › Persian empire"}}, {"year": -359, "year_label": "360 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jerusalem has been rebuilt and the power of Judaism's hereditary priesthood is firmly established.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1141894957#Judea", "title": "360 BC", "revid": 1141894957, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -319, "year_label": "320 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Judea and Syria are annexed by Ptolemy and he gives Judea a large measure of self-government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1166431272#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "320 BC", "revid": 1166431272, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -300, "year_label": "301 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Battle of Ipsus in Phrygia, the armies of Antigonus, the ruler of Syria, Asia Minor, Phoenicia and Judea, and his son Demetrius Poliorcetes are defeated by the forces of Lysimachus and Seleucus. Antigonus is killed in the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554911#Asia_Minor", "title": "301 BC", "revid": 1326554911, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Egypt's Ptolemy II dies and is succeeded by his son, Ptolemy III. At the time of Ptolemy II's death, Egypt comprises the ancient kingdom of Egypt in the Nile Valley, Cyrene, Judea and the coast of southern Syria, Cyprus and a number of cities on the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea. The Macedonian Ptolemies maintain their authority over their territories with a small mercenary army made up of Macedonians and other Greeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Egypt", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -169, "year_label": "170 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The usurped high priest of Judea, Jason, does not abandon his claims to being the high priest which he has lost to Menelaus two years earlier. While Antiochus IV is waging war against Egypt, he succeeds in making himself master of Jerusalem once more and forces Menelaus to seek refuge in the citadel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289094585#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "170 BC", "revid": 1289094585, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -166, "year_label": "167 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Antiochus IV Epiphanes, believing Judea to be in revolt, returns there after the failure of his Egyptian campaign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340086150#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "167 BC", "revid": 1340086150, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -165, "year_label": "166 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Emmaus takes place between the Jewish rebels led by Judas Maccabeus and Seleucid forces sent by Antiochus IV and led by Lysias and his general, Gorgias. In the ensuing battle, Judas Maccabeus and his men succeed in repelling Gorgias and forcing his army out of Judea and down to the coastal plain in what is an important victory in the war for Judea's independence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209983742#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "166 BC", "revid": 1209983742, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -165, "year_label": "166 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mattathias, father of Judas Maccabaeus, Jewish priest from Modi'in, near Jerusalem, who has started and briefly led a rebellion by the Jews in Judea against the Seleucid kingdom of Syria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209983742#Deaths", "title": "166 BC", "revid": 1209983742, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -163, "year_label": "164 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus IV Epiphanes (\"God Manifest\"), Seleucid king of the Syrian kingdom who has reigned since 175 BC, and has encouraged Greek culture and institutions but also attempted to suppress Judaism, which has led to the uprisings in Judea towards the end of his reign (b. c. 215 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884961#Deaths", "title": "164 BC", "revid": 1288884961, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -162, "year_label": "163 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Regent Lysias tries to make peace with the Jews in Judea. He offers them full religious freedom if they will lay down their arms. Moderates including the Hasideans consent, but Judas Maccabeus argues for full political as well as religious freedom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342198603#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "163 BC", "revid": 1342198603, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -161, "year_label": "162 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Maccabees, under the leadership of Judas Maccabeus, continue their struggle against the Seleucids and persecute the Hellenising faction in Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370480795#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "162 BC", "revid": 1370480795, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -160, "year_label": "161 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With the restoration of peace in Judea, an internal struggle breaks out between the supporters of Judas Maccabeus and the Hellenic party. The influence of the Hellenic Party all but collapses in the wake of the Seleucid defeat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311856799#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "161 BC", "revid": 1311856799, "section": "Events › by side › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -159, "year_label": "160 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In response to the Jewish high priest, Alcimus', request for assistance, the Seleucid general Bacchides leads an army into Judea with the intent of reconquering this now independent kingdom. Bacchides rapidly marches through Judea after carrying out a massacre of the Assideans in Galilee. He quickly makes for Jerusalem, besieging the city and trapping Judas Maccabeus, the spiritual and military leader of the Maccabees, inside. However, Judas and many of his supporters manage to escape the siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1266100355#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "160 BC", "revid": 1266100355, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -158, "year_label": "159 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "With the Seleucid victory in Judea over the Maccabees, Alcimus is re-established as the High Priest of Israel, and a strong force is left in Jerusalem to support him. However, he does not enjoy his triumph for long, as he dies soon after from a paralytic stroke.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282394740#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "159 BC", "revid": 1282394740, "section": "Events › Greece › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -158, "year_label": "159 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alcimus, high priest of Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1282394740#Deaths", "title": "159 BC", "revid": 1282394740, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -152, "year_label": "153 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "As a result of the rise of the pretender, Alexander Balas, Demetrius I Soter is forced to recall most of his garrisons in Judea. To retain control of Judea, he makes a bid to gain the loyalty of Jonathan Maccabeus, whom he permits to recruit an army and to take back the hostages that the Syrians are holding in the city of Acre. Jonathan gladly accepts these terms, takes up residence in Jerusalem and begins to fortify the city, becoming High Priest of Jerusalem until 143 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342803245#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "153 BC", "revid": 1342803245, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -141, "year_label": "142 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Simon Maccabaeus succeeds his brother Jonathan as High Priest of Judea until 135 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329094635#Judea", "title": "142 BC", "revid": 1329094635, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -140, "year_label": "141 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid garrison negotiates the surrender of Jerusalem. Simon Maccabaeus assumes control of the city. He becomes prince (ruler) of Judea until 135 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020399#Syria_and_Judea", "title": "141 BC", "revid": 1326020399, "section": "Events › By place › Syria and Judea"}}, {"year": -140, "year_label": "141 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Salome Alexandra, queen and regent of Judea (d. 67 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020399#Births", "title": "141 BC", "revid": 1326020399, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -139, "year_label": "140 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Simon Maccabaeus crowned king of Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020441#Judea", "title": "140 BC", "revid": 1326020441, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -133, "year_label": "134 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "John Hyrcanus becomes high priest and prince (ruler) of Judea, until 104 BC, following the murder of his father Simon Maccabaeus by Ptolemy the son of Abubus in 135 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1175484109#Judea", "title": "134 BC", "revid": 1175484109, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -103, "year_label": "104 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus I succeeds John Hyrcanus, becoming king and high priest of Judea, until 103 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305141071#Judea", "title": "104 BC", "revid": 1305141071, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -103, "year_label": "104 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "John Hyrcanus, prince and high priest of Judea (b. 164 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305141071#Deaths", "title": "104 BC", "revid": 1305141071, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -102, "year_label": "103 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Alexander Jannaeus succeeds his brother Aristobulus I as king and high priest of Judea, until 76 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115650#Judea", "title": "103 BC", "revid": 1300115650, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -75, "year_label": "76 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Salome Alexandra becomes queen of Judea, after the death of her husband, Alexander Jannaeus, until 67 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363027478#Judea", "title": "76 BC", "revid": 1363027478, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -75, "year_label": "76 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alexander Jannaeus, king and high priest of Judea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363027478#Deaths", "title": "76 BC", "revid": 1363027478, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -72, "year_label": "73 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Herod the Great, client king of Judea (d. 4 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232397998#Births", "title": "73 BC", "revid": 1232397998, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -66, "year_label": "67 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Salome Alexandra, queen of Judea (b. 139 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366933711#Deaths", "title": "67 BC", "revid": 1366933711, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -66, "year_label": "67 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hyrcanus II becomes king of Judea, for first time (until 66 BC), upon the death of his mother, Salome Alexandra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366933711#Judea", "title": "67 BC", "revid": 1366933711, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -65, "year_label": "66 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus II becomes king and high priest of Judea, until 63 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1097162651#Judea", "title": "66 BC", "revid": 1097162651, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -63, "year_label": "64 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pompey annexes Syria and captures Jerusalem, annexing Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305139759#Roman_Republic", "title": "64 BC", "revid": 1305139759, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -62, "year_label": "63 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Pompey conquers the people of Phonecia, Coele-Syria, and Judea for the Roman Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209877827#Roman_Republic", "title": "63 BC", "revid": 1209877827, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -49, "year_label": "50 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Roman Republic takes control of Judea (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348690720#Roman_Republic", "title": "50 BC", "revid": 1348690720, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -48, "year_label": "49 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus II, king and high priest of Judea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347951543#Deaths", "title": "49 BC", "revid": 1347951543, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -46, "year_label": "47 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle at Mount Tabor in Judea: Roman troops, commanded by Gabinius, defeat the forces of Alexander, son of Aristobulus II of Judea, who is attempting to re-establish Judean independence. Some 10,000 Jews die at the hands of the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209881860#Judea", "title": "47 BC", "revid": 1209881860, "section": "Events › By place › Judea"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Parthians conquer Jerusalem. Hyrcanus II is removed from power, while Antigonus the Hasmonean becomes king of Judea under Parthian rule. Herod the Great flees Jerusalem to Rome. There he is titled king of Judea by Mark Antony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Parthia", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Events › Asia minor › Parthia"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Phasael, prince of the Herodian dynasty of Judea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Deaths", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -38, "year_label": "39 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Publius Ventidius defeats Pharnastanes with his cataphracts at the Amanus Gates, and goes on to reclaim Syria, Phoenicia and Judea. Labienus flees to Cilicia, where he is captured and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326022052#Roman_Republic", "title": "39 BC", "revid": 1326022052, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -36, "year_label": "37 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Romans conquer Jerusalem from the Parthians. Herod the Great becomes king of Judea and Ananelus is installed as High Priest; both positions are seized from Antigonus II Mattathias after a five-month siege. Thousands of Jews are slaughtered by Roman troops supporting Herod.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862706#Roman_Republic", "title": "37 BC", "revid": 1325862706, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -36, "year_label": "37 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus II, king and high priest of Judea (66–63 BC; assassinated)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862706#Deaths", "title": "37 BC", "revid": 1325862706, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -35, "year_label": "36 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Judea: Aristobulus III, the last of the Hasmoneans, becomes High Priest in Jerusalem, replacing Ananelus, who has only held the position for one year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372976843#Roman_Republic", "title": "36 BC", "revid": 1372976843, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -34, "year_label": "35 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus III, high priest of Judea (drowned) (b. 53 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862738#Deaths", "title": "35 BC", "revid": 1325862738, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -30, "year_label": "31 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus IV, Jewish prince of Judea (d. 7 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371049882#Births", "title": "31 BC", "revid": 1371049882, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -29, "year_label": "30 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hyrcanus II, king and high priest of Judea (until 40 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357307367#Deaths", "title": "30 BC", "revid": 1357307367, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -22, "year_label": "23 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Herod the Great builds a palace in Jerusalem and the fortress Herodium in Judaea. He also marries his third wife, named Mariamne, the daughter of high priest Simon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287237096#Roman_Empire", "title": "23 BC", "revid": 1287237096, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": -22, "year_label": "23 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria (Judea) (d. AD 18)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287237096#Births", "title": "23 BC", "revid": 1287237096, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -14, "year_label": "15 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Alexander, Herodian prince of Judea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372034323#Births", "title": "15 BC", "revid": 1372034323, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -10, "year_label": "11 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Herod Agrippa, king of Judea (d. AD 44)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372852967#Births", "title": "11 BC", "revid": 1372852967, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -6, "year_label": "7 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aristobulus IV, Jewish prince of Judea (b. 31 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#7_BC", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Deaths › 7 BC"}}, {"year": -3, "year_label": "4 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Herod the Great dies, which causes unrest in his client kingdom of Judea. His son, Herod Archelaus, becomes the new ruler. Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea,and the governor of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, marches down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order; around 3000 Jews are crucified.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Events › 4 BC › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": -3, "year_label": "4 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March", "text": "March or April – Herod the Great, king of Judea (b. 73 BC); some authors date his death to 1 BC (see Date of Herod's death).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#4_BC", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Deaths › 4 BC"}}, {"year": 2, "year_label": "2 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "AD 2 – Juba II of Mauretania joins Gaius Caesar in Armenia as a military advisor. It is during this period that he meets Glaphyra, a Cappadocian princess and the former wife of Alexandros of Judea, a brother of Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Judea, and becomes enamoured with her.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Africa", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Events › Africa"}}, {"year": 6, "year_label": "6 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "AD 6 – Herod Archelaus, ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea, is deposed and banished to Vienne in Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 12, "year_label": "12 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Quirinius returns from Judea to become a counselor to Tiberius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Roman_Empire", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 12 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 12, "year_label": "12 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Annius Rufus is appointed Prefect of Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Palestine", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 12 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 26, "year_label": "26 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pontius Pilate is appointed as prefect of the Roman imperial province of Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Palestine", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 26 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 27, "year_label": "27 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Herod Agrippa II, king of Judea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#27_AD", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Births › 27 AD"}}, {"year": 28, "year_label": "28 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Julia Berenice, Jewish client queen of the Roman imperial province of Judea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#28_AD", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Births › 28 AD"}}, {"year": 39, "year_label": "39 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Agrippa I, king of Judaea, successfully accuses Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, of conspiracy against Caligula. Antipas is exiled and Agrippa receives his territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#Palestine", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Events › 39 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 41, "year_label": "41 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Claudius makes Agrippa king of Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_41", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 41"}}, {"year": 44, "year_label": "44 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cuspius Fadus (Roman governor of Judea) suppresses the revolt of Theudas, who is decapitated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_44", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 44"}}, {"year": 44, "year_label": "44 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Herod Agrippa I, king of Judea (b. 11 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_44", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Deaths › AD 44"}}, {"year": 47, "year_label": "47 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ananias becomes high priest in Judaea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_47", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 47"}}, {"year": 60, "year_label": "60 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Agrippa II of the Herodians rules the northeast of Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372200754#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 60", "revid": 1372200754, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 66, "year_label": "66 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Emperor Nero creates the Legio I Italica. He appoints Titus Flavius Vespasian as General of the army of Judea, and Governor of Judea which gives him command of three legions — V Macedonica, X Fretensis and XV Apollinaris.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330182683#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 66", "revid": 1330182683, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 69, "year_label": "69 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Judea: The Jewish Revolt – Vespasian lays siege to Jerusalem; the city is captured the following year by his son Titus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367882081#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 69", "revid": 1367882081, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 100, "year_label": "100 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Herod Agrippa II, Jewish king of Judea (b. AD 27)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188492#Deaths", "title": "AD 100", "revid": 1371188492, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 132, "year_label": "132 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Bar Kokhba revolt: The messianic, charismatic Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba starts a war of liberation for Judea against the Romans, which is eventually crushed (in 135) by Emperor Hadrian; Rabbi Akiva is supportive of the rebellion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188369#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 132", "revid": 1371188369, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 133, "year_label": "133 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Bar Kokhba Revolt: Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Britain, is sent to Judea (in 136 renamed Syria Palaestina) to quell the revolt. Jewish rebels, led by Simon bar Kokhba and Eleazar, cut off the vital supply lines and Roman garrisons in Palestine. Despite Roman reinforcements from Syria and Egypt, they establish an independent state in Judea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267079085#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 133", "revid": 1267079085, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 134, "year_label": "134 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Judea, begins a campaign against the Jewish rebel strongholds in the mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188678#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 134", "revid": 1371188678, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 136, "year_label": "136 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following the Bar Kokhba revolt, Emperor Hadrian expels the Jews from Judea, and receives a triumphal arch near Scythopolis. The Roman province of Iudaea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina (the name Palestine as a designation for this land has been used since at least the 5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus)).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335665818#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 136", "revid": 1335665818, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 616, "year_label": "616 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War of 602–628: The Jews of Jerusalem gain complete control over the city; much of Judea and Galilee becomes an autonomous Jewish province of the Persian Empire. The Jewish Temple is rebuilt by Nehemiah ben Hushiel (exilarch of Jerusalem), who establishes a High Priesthood.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636041#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "616", "revid": 1367636041, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}