{"slug": "julius-caesar", "label": "Julius Caesar", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048", "qid": "Q1048", "description": "Roman general and dictator", "entries": 53, "years": 39, "span": [-119, 62], "span_label": ["120 BCE", "62 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 20}, {"title": "Births", "count": 8}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "pompey", "label": "Pompey", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "consul", "label": "Consul", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "augustus", "label": "Augustus", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rhodes", "label": "Rhodes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mark-antony", "label": "Mark Antony", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dalmatia", "label": "Dalmatia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "apollonia-illyria", "label": "Apollonia (Illyria)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -119, "year_label": "120 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Aurelia Cotta, mother of Julius Caesar (d. 54 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368395489#Births", "title": "120 BC", "revid": 1368395489, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -103, "year_label": "104 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Servilia, mistress of Julius Caesar", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305141071#Births", "title": "104 BC", "revid": 1305141071, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -99, "year_label": "100 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar, Roman general and politician (d. 44 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355643460#Births", "title": "100 BC", "revid": 1355643460, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -84, "year_label": "85 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Junius Brutus, conspirator and assassin in the murder of Julius Caesar (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209908706#Births", "title": "85 BC", "revid": 1209908706, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -83, "year_label": "84 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar marries Cornelia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209580598#Roman_Republic", "title": "84 BC", "revid": 1209580598, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -82, "year_label": "83 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar and Cornelia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369868116#Births", "title": "83 BC", "revid": 1369868116, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -77, "year_label": "78 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar returns to Rome after about two years of service in the army", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209581221#Roman_Republic", "title": "78 BC", "revid": 1209581221, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -74, "year_label": "75 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar travels to Rhodes and is taken captive by pirates", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371365862#Roman_Republic", "title": "75 BC", "revid": 1371365862, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -74, "year_label": "75 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar travels to Rhodes to study under Apollonius Molon. On his way across the Aegean Sea, he is kidnapped by Cilician pirates and held prisoner in the Dodecanese islet of Pharmacusa. The young Caesar is held for a ransom of twenty talents, but he insists they ask for fifty. After his release Caesar raises a fleet at Miletus, pursues and crucifies the pirates in Pergamon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371365862#Greece", "title": "75 BC", "revid": 1371365862, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -74, "year_label": "75 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Calpurnia, Roman noblewoman and wife of Julius Caesar", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371365862#Births", "title": "75 BC", "revid": 1371365862, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -72, "year_label": "73 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Porcius Cato, assassin of Julius Caesar (d. 42 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232397998#Births", "title": "73 BC", "revid": 1232397998, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -68, "year_label": "69 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Gaius Julius Caesar is a quaestor in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1225088492#Roman_Republic", "title": "69 BC", "revid": 1225088492, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -67, "year_label": "68 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Cornelia, wife of Julius Caesar (b. 94 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295045889#Deaths", "title": "68 BC", "revid": 1295045889, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -66, "year_label": "67 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar reconciles with Pompey and Crassus", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366933711#Roman_Republic", "title": "67 BC", "revid": 1366933711, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -65, "year_label": "66 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Octavia (the Younger), grandniece of Julius Caesar (d. 11 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1097162651#Births", "title": "66 BC", "revid": 1097162651, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -62, "year_label": "63 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar is elected Pontifex Maximus and praetor for 62 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209877827#Roman_Republic", "title": "63 BC", "revid": 1209877827, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -61, "year_label": "62 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar divorces Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Publius Clodius Pulcher.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344835859#Roman_Republic", "title": "62 BC", "revid": 1344835859, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -60, "year_label": "61 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar becomes governor in Hispania and creates Legio X Gemina (3,500 men). He puts down the Callaici and Lusitani rebellions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325702832#Roman_Republic", "title": "61 BC", "revid": 1325702832, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -59, "year_label": "60 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Creation of the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance between Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great and Marcus Licinius Crassus (or 59 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359808394#Roman_Republic", "title": "60 BC", "revid": 1359808394, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -59, "year_label": "60 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gaius Julius Caesar suppresses an uprising and conquers all of Lusitania for Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359808394#Roman_Republic", "title": "60 BC", "revid": 1359808394, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -58, "year_label": "59 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus (known in jest as \"the consulship of Julius and Caesar\" due to Bibulus' Social withdrawal from public view to \"consult the heavens\" in an effort to invalidate Caesar's intended legislation).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327068186#Roman_Republic", "title": "59 BC", "revid": 1327068186, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -57, "year_label": "58 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First year of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars:", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364740578#Roman_Republic", "title": "58 BC", "revid": 1364740578, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -56, "year_label": "57 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Second year of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars:", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862344#Roman_Republic", "title": "57 BC", "revid": 1325862344, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -55, "year_label": "56 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third year of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars:", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862293#Roman_Republic", "title": "56 BC", "revid": 1325862293, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -55, "year_label": "56 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The three Roman politician-generals of the First Triumvirate — Caesar, Pompey and Crassus — meet at the Luca Conference at the town of Luca (modern Lucca, in Tuscany), near Pisa, where they renewed their fraying political alliance, and further cemented the three men's increasing consolidation of power in the Roman Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862293#Roman_Republic", "title": "56 BC", "revid": 1325862293, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -54, "year_label": "55 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fourth year of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars:", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364737843#Roman_Republic", "title": "55 BC", "revid": 1364737843, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -53, "year_label": "54 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fifth year of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars:", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327053231#Roman_Republic", "title": "54 BC", "revid": 1327053231, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -53, "year_label": "54 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Aurelia Cotta, mother of Julius Caesar (b. 120 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327053231#Deaths", "title": "54 BC", "revid": 1327053231, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -52, "year_label": "53 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar suppresses a revolt led by Ambiorix near Sabis (Northern Gaul).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862163#Roman_Republic", "title": "53 BC", "revid": 1325862163, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -50, "year_label": "51 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pompey demands that Julius Caesar lay down his command before he can stand for consul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350525894#Roman_Republic", "title": "51 BC", "revid": 1350525894, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -50, "year_label": "51 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Julia Minor, sister of Julius Caesar (b. 100 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350525894#Deaths", "title": "51 BC", "revid": 1350525894, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -49, "year_label": "50 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Senate recalls Julius Caesar and rescinds his authority. Caesar breaks alliance with Pompey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348690720#Roman_Republic", "title": "50 BC", "revid": 1348690720, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -48, "year_label": "49 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347951543#Roman_Republic", "title": "49 BC", "revid": 1347951543, "section": "Events › By place and Date › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -47, "year_label": "48 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. Caesar is named consul for a period of five years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300612578#Roman_Republic", "title": "48 BC", "revid": 1300612578, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -46, "year_label": "47 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar returns to Rome and is dictator for a year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209881860#Roman_Republic", "title": "47 BC", "revid": 1209881860, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -45, "year_label": "46 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069033#Roman_Republic", "title": "46 BC", "revid": 1361069033, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -45, "year_label": "46 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar establishes Julia Paterna Arelate as a colony in Gaul for veterans of the Sixth Legion, at the present day site of Arles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069033#Roman_Republic", "title": "46 BC", "revid": 1361069033, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -45, "year_label": "46 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Titus Labienus fights Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069033#Roman_Republic", "title": "46 BC", "revid": 1361069033, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -44, "year_label": "45 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Fourth consulship of Gaius Julius Caesar (without colleague).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069382#Roman_Republic", "title": "45 BC", "revid": 1361069382, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -44, "year_label": "45 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The veterans of Julius Caesar's Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize. The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo, while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069382#Roman_Republic", "title": "45 BC", "revid": 1361069382, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -44, "year_label": "45 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Civil War: In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda. Labienus dies in battle, Pompey the younger is executed, but Sextus Pompey escapes to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069382#Roman_Republic", "title": "45 BC", "revid": 1361069382, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -43, "year_label": "44 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Consuls: Gaius Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159803#Roman_Republic", "title": "44 BC", "revid": 1362159803, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -43, "year_label": "44 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April", "text": "April – Octavian returns from Apollonia in Dalmatia to Rome to take up Caesar's inheritance, against advice from Atia (his mother and Caesar's niece) and consul Antony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159803#Roman_Republic", "title": "44 BC", "revid": 1362159803, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -43, "year_label": "44 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February", "text": "February – Rome celebrates the festival of the Lupercal. Mark Antony twice presents Caesar with a royal diadem, urging him to take it and declare himself king. He refuses this offer and orders the crown to be placed in the Temple of Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159803#Roman_Republic", "title": "44 BC", "revid": 1362159803, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -43, "year_label": "44 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – Julius Caesar, Roman politician and general (assassinated in the Theatre of Pompey) (b. 100 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159803#Deaths", "title": "44 BC", "revid": 1362159803, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -42, "year_label": "43 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Atia, niece of Julius Caesar and mother of Augustus (b. 85 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338224737#Deaths", "title": "43 BC", "revid": 1338224737, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -42, "year_label": "43 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus Albinus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Hirtius. Both consuls are killed (Hirtius does not die until after the Battle of Mutina).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338224737#Roman_Republic", "title": "43 BC", "revid": 1338224737, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -41, "year_label": "42 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – Gaius Cassius Longinus, Roman nobleman (assassin of Julius Caesar) (suicide)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352172627#Deaths", "title": "42 BC", "revid": 1352172627, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tigellius, Sardinian lyric poet (close friend of Julius Caesar)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Deaths", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -37, "year_label": "38 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Octavian appoints Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa governor of Transalpine Gaul, where he puts down an uprising of the Aquitanians. He also fights successfully against the Germanic tribes, and becomes the next Roman general to cross the Rhine after Julius Caesar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327611270#Roman_Republic", "title": "38 BC", "revid": 1327611270, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -29, "year_label": "30 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. August 29 – Ptolemy Caesar, son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra of Egypt, co-ruler of Egypt (likely assassinated) (b. 47 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357307367#Deaths", "title": "30 BC", "revid": 1357307367, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 6, "year_label": "6 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "AD 6 – The Princeps Augustus sets up a treasury, the aerarium militare (170 million sestertii), with the specific purpose of paying bonuses to retiring legion veterans. This is financed by a 5% tax on inheritances, a system said to have been suggested in Julius Caesar's memoirs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 62, "year_label": "62 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lucan writes a history of the conflict between Julius Caesar and Pompey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363561412#Arts_and_sciences", "title": "AD 62", "revid": 1363561412, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts and sciences"}}]}