{"slug": "jupiter", "label": "Jupiter", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319", "qid": "Q319", "description": "fifth planet in the Solar System and largest among all; gaseous giant mainly composed of hydrogen and helium", "entries": 33, "years": 33, "span": [-6, 2024], "span_label": ["7 BCE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 31}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "venus", "label": "Venus", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "saturn", "label": "Saturn", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "nasa", "label": "NASA", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "galileo-galilei", "label": "Galileo Galilei", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "neptune", "label": "Neptune", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mercury-planet", "label": "Mercury (planet)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "space-shuttle-atlantis", "label": "Space Shuttle Atlantis", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jesus", "label": "Jesus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "johannes-kepler", "label": "Johannes Kepler", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mars", "label": "Mars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "solar-system", "label": "Solar System", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -6, "year_label": "7 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Appearance of a very bright triple conjunction of the royal star Jupiter and Saturn in the sign of Pisces (land in the west) in May until December of that year since 854years, with a retrogradation and stationing on November 12. Robert A. Powell (1996) proposes that this is the birth date of Jesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371257874#Astronomy", "title": "0s BC", "revid": 1371257874, "section": "Events › 7 BC › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 363, "year_label": "363 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307501#Astronomy", "title": "363", "revid": 1367307501, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The planet Venus occults the planet Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Astronomy", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1192, "year_label": "1192 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Venus occults Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341214506#Events", "title": "1192", "revid": 1341214506, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Venus occults Jupiter (the last such occurrence until 1570).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Astronomy", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1226, "year_label": "1226 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Just before dawn, a great conjunction between Saturn and Jupiter is observed from Earth. The conjunction is more significant than other occurrences because the separation of the two planets as visible in the sky of Earth (2.1 arcminutes or 1/30th of one degree of arc) will not be closer again until March 8, 4523 CE, and the close conjunction is the most easily visible from Earth until the conjunction of December 21, 2020.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372695704#January_–_March", "title": "1226", "revid": 1372695704, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Venus occults Jupiter; this will next happen in 1818.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#January–March", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Galileo Galilei first observes the four Galilean moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, Europa and Io, but is unable to distinguish the latter two until the following day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#January–March", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1612, "year_label": "1612 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 28", "text": "December 28 – Galileo Galilei becomes the first astronomer to observe the planet Neptune when in conjunction with Jupiter. He mistakenly catalogues it as a fixed star, because of its extremely slow motion along the ecliptic. Neptune will not be truly recognized as a planet until 1846, about 234 years later, when Johann Gottfried Galle first sights it in the Berlin Observatory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366306597#October–December", "title": "1612", "revid": 1366306597, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Johannes Kepler publishes Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo, in response to Galileo's discovery of Jupiter's moons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#Date_unknown", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn, with the planets only 5 arc minutes apart, the closest between 1226 and 2874. This conjunction likely goes unobserved, as it occurs near the Sun and the telescope has been invented only recently.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#July–September", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Italian astronomers Niccolò Zucchi and Daniello Bartoli become the first scientists to observe the belts on the planet Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#April–June", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Robert Hooke discovers Jupiter's Great Red Spot.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#April–June", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiter's atmosphere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#Date_unknown", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1702, "year_label": "1702 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 19", "text": "September 19 – Jupiter occults Neptune.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362986314#July–September", "title": "1702", "revid": 1362986314, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – The planet Mercury transits Jupiter, as seen by astronomers from Earth. The event happens again on October 4, 1708, but will not be seen again from Earth until October 27, 2088", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#July–September", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1818, "year_label": "1818 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 (21:52 UTC) – Venus occults Jupiter. It is the last occultation of one planet by another before November 22, 2065.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373165947#January–March", "title": "1818", "revid": 1373165947, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1892, "year_label": "1892 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Amalthea, the fifth moon of Jupiter, is discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372569087#September", "title": "1892", "revid": 1372569087, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – During the new moon, a near-grand conjunction of the classical planets and several binocular Solar System bodies occur. The Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars and Saturn are all within 15° of each other, with Venus 5° ahead of this conjunction and Jupiter 15° behind.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#December", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – Charles Dillon Perrine discovers Jupiter's largest irregular satellite, later called Himalia, at California's Lick Observatory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#December", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#December", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Voyager 1 makes its closest approach to Jupiter at 277000 km mi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#March", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – NASA launches the uncrewed Galileo orbiter on a mission to study the planet Jupiter, via Atlantis mission STS-34.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#October", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16–22 – Fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 impact the planet Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#July", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – NASA's Galileo probe enters Jupiter's atmosphere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#December", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Data sent back by the Galileo space probe indicates there may be water on one of Jupiter's moons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#August", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2001, "year_label": "2001 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – NASA's Galileo spacecraft passes within 181 km of Jupiter's moon Io.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373523156#October", "title": "2001", "revid": 1373523156, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Amateur astronomer Anthony Wesley is the first to report that a new dark spot has developed on the planet Jupiter. This event would come to be known as the 2009 Jupiter impact event.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#July", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Juno, the first solar-powered spacecraft on a mission to Jupiter, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#August", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – NASA's Juno spacecraft enters orbit around Jupiter and begins a 20-month survey of the planet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#July", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn occurs, with the two planets separated in the sky by 0.1 degrees. This is the closest conjunction between the two planets since 1623.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#December", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – The Juno spacecraft performs its only flyby of Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the first flyby of the moon by any spacecraft in over 20 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#June", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – The Europa Clipper spacecraft is launched to investigate Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#October", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › October"}}]}