{"slug": "justinian-ii", "label": "Justinian II", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_II", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42021", "qid": "Q42021", "description": "Byzantine Emperor from 685 to 695 and from 705 to 711", "entries": 17, "years": 15, "span": [668, 711], "span_label": ["668 CE", "711 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "crimea", "label": "Crimea", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "slavs", "label": "Slavs", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bulgars", "label": "Bulgars", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "patrician-ancient-rome", "label": "Patrician (ancient Rome)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantinebulgarian-wars", "label": "Byzantine–Bulgarian wars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 668, "year_label": "668 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Justinian II, Eastern Roman Emperor (d. 711)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805218#Births", "title": "668", "revid": 1340805218, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 669, "year_label": "669 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Justinian II, Byzantine emperor (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805223#Births", "title": "669", "revid": 1340805223, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 685, "year_label": "685 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – Emperor Constantine IV dies of dysentery at Constantinople after a 17-year reign, and is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Justinian II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749113#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "685", "revid": 1364749113, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 687, "year_label": "687 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Justinian II negotiates a peace treaty with the Umayyad Caliphate (resulting in caliph Abd al-Malik paying tribute). He removes 12,000 Christian Maronites, who continually resist the Arabs, from Lebanon. Justinian reinforces the Byzantine navy on Cyprus, and transfers cavalry troops from the Thracesian Theme in Anatolia to the Theme of Thrace in the Balkan Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806293#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "687", "revid": 1340806293, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 688, "year_label": "688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Justinian II carries out a Balkan campaign and marches through Thrace, where he restores Byzantine rule. He establishes a theme administration, and migrates many Bulgars and Slavs to the Opsician Theme (Asia Minor).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806290#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "688", "revid": 1340806290, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 689, "year_label": "689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Justinian II defeats the Bulgars of Macedonia and recaptures Thessalonica, the second most important Byzantine city in Europe. He resettles the subdued Slavs in Anatolia (modern Turkey), where they are required to provide 30,000 men to the Byzantine army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350231931#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "689", "revid": 1350231931, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 692, "year_label": "692 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Muslims conquer Armenia, Iberia and Colchis, the last remaining Byzantine holdings east of the Taurus Mountains. Emperor Justinian II is forced to agree to joint Byzantine-Arab control of Cyprus, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806257#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "692", "revid": 1340806257, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 695, "year_label": "695 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The population of Byzantium revolts under Leontios, the strategos (military governor) of the Anatolic Theme, and proclaims him emperor. Justinian II is deposed and his nose is cut off (leading to his subsequent nickname of \"the Slit-nosed\"). He is exiled to Cherson (Crimea), and begins to plot an attempt to retake the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806239#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "695", "revid": 1340806239, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 704, "year_label": "704 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "After spending nearly a decade with the Khazars (a Turkic tribe which controls a Steppe empire), the deposed emperor Justinian II flees from his exile at Cherson (Crimea). He escapes with help from Busir, ruler (khagan) of the Khazars, who marries him to his sister Theodora.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468074#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "704", "revid": 1364468074, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 705, "year_label": "705 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – An army of 15,000 Bulgar and Slav horsemen under Justinian II appear before the walls of Constantinople. After three days, his troops discover an unused water conduit under the walls of the city, and enter through the Valens Aqueduct. Hearing that Justinian has taken control of the Blachernae Palace, Emperor Tiberios III flees to Bithynia (modern Turkey), where he evades capture for several months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807090#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "705", "revid": 1340807090, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 705, "year_label": "705 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Tiberius, son of Justinian II (d. 711)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807090#Births", "title": "705", "revid": 1340807090, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 706, "year_label": "706 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Emperor Justinian II presides over the public humiliation of his predecessors, Leontios and Tiberios III, and their chief associates in the Hippodrome of Constantinople, after which they are executed. Patriarch Kallinikos I is also deposed, blinded and exiled to Rome, and succeeded by Kyros.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367660928#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "706", "revid": 1367660928, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 708, "year_label": "708 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Anchialus: A Byzantine expeditionary force under Emperor Justinian II is defeated near the seaside city of Anchialus, on the Black Sea Coast. The Byzantines are overwhelmed by a surprise attack of Bulgarian cavalry, led by Tervel. Justinian manages to reach the fortress, and escapes to Constantinople on a ship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807106#Europe", "title": "708", "revid": 1340807106, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 709, "year_label": "709 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Emperor Justinian II sends a punitive expedition to Italy under the patrikios Theodore, to intervene in the dispute between Pope Constantine I and Archbishop Felix of Ravenna, who claims to be independent of the pope's authority. Theodore captures Ravenna, and arrests Felix and other Italian leaders. He deports them to Constantinople, from whence they are exiled to Cherson (Crimea).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807109#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "709", "revid": 1340807109, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Byzantine outpost of Cherson (Crimea) rebels (with Khazar assistance) against Emperor Justinian II. He sends a fleet under the patrikios Stephen, which retakes the city and restores Byzantine control. The fleet, however, is struck by a storm on its way back and loses many ships, while the Chersonites, again with the aid of the Khazars, rebel anew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Philippicus incites the inhabitants of Cherson to revolt, with the help of the Khazars. Emperor Justinian II sallies forth from Constantinople to oppose the rebels in the Crimea. Philippicus defeats the Byzantine forces in northern Anatolia, and seizes the capital. He is proclaimed emperor and Justinian is executed, ending the house of Heraclius, that has ruled since 610.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Justinian II, Byzantine emperor (b. 669)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Deaths", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Deaths"}}]}