{"slug": "kalmar-union", "label": "Kalmar Union", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmar_Union", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62623", "qid": "Q62623", "description": "former country. personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (1397–1523)", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [1397, 1814], "span_label": ["1397 CE", "1814 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "erik-of-pomerania", "label": "Erik of Pomerania", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "margaret-i-of-denmark", "label": "Margaret I of Denmark", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "norway", "label": "Norway", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "greenland", "label": "Greenland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "orkney", "label": "Orkney", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "faroe-islands", "label": "Faroe Islands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shetland", "label": "Shetland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hans-king-of-denmark", "label": "Hans, King of Denmark", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Erik of Pomerania is crowned in Kalmar (Sweden) as ruler of the Kalmar Union, a personal union of the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway (with Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland and Orkney) and Sweden (including Finland and Åland) engineered by Queen Margaret I of Denmark, his great-aunt and adoptive mother, who retains de facto power in the realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#April–June", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1405, "year_label": "1405 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – As an aftermath to the War in Gotland (1403-1404), Queen Margaret I buys the rights to Visby for 8000 marks from Albrecht of Mecklenburg during negotiations in Flensburg. This strengthens the Kalmar Union and pushes out the Teutonic Order, angering grand master Konrad von Jungingen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337543539#October–December", "title": "1405", "revid": 1337543539, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1406, "year_label": "1406 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – Erik of Pomerania, ruler of the Kalmar Union, marries Philippa, daughter of Henry IV of England, in Lund Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357536622#October–December", "title": "1406", "revid": 1357536622, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen of the Teutonic Knights guarantees peace with the Kalmar Union of Scandinavia by selling the Baltic Sea island of Gotland to Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#Date_unknown", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1412, "year_label": "1412 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Erik of Pomerania becomes sole ruler of the Kalmar Union (Sweden, Denmark and Norway) on the death of Queen Margaret.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357537157#October–December", "title": "1412", "revid": 1357537157, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Peace of Vordingborg is signed, ending the war between the Hanseatic League of German cities (Hamburg, Lübeck, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar) and the Scandinavian Kalmar Union of Denmark and Sweden. King Eric VII of Denmark and Adolph VIII, Count of Holstein sign, along with Hein Hoyer, representing the League, at Vordingborg Castle. Denmark cedes the Duchy of Schleswig to Holstein and agrees to stop interfering with the League, to end ten years of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#July–September", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1457, "year_label": "1457 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – Christian I is elected king of Sweden, ending the war between Sweden and Denmark and restoring the Kalmar Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359845780#April–June", "title": "1457", "revid": 1359845780, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1495, "year_label": "1495 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June", "text": "June – Gribshunden, the flagship of King Hans Oldenburg of Denmark sinks off the coast of Ronneby in Sweden while King Hans is ashore to negotiate with Sten Sture the Elder to restore the power of the Kalmar Union. According to some accounts, the sinking (and the death of more than 150 crew) happened after an explosion and fire, though explorations of the shipwreck centuries later show no indication of burning.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256979#April–June", "title": "1495", "revid": 1365256979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – The nobles of Sweden's estates formally elect King Hans of Denmark and Norway as King of Sweden, restoring the power of the Kalmar Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#October–December", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1500, "year_label": "1500 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – Battle of Hemmingstedt: The Danish army fails to conquer the peasants' republic of Dithmarschen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371377541#January–March", "title": "1500", "revid": 1371377541, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Battle of Brännkyrka: The Kalmar Union, led by King Christian II of Denmark, is defeated by the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#July–September", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – Gustav Vasa is elected king of Sweden, establishing the full independence of Sweden from the Kalmar Union, which marks the end of the Kalmar Union. This event is also traditionally considered to be the establishment of the modern Swedish nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#April–June", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1524, "year_label": "1524 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – By the Treaty of Malmö signed on Sweden withdraws from the Kalmar Union with Denmark, Norway and Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819061#July–September", "title": "1524", "revid": 1368819061, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#February", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › February"}}]}