{"slug": "kashmir", "label": "Kashmir", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43100", "qid": "Q43100", "description": "disputed territory between China, India and Pakistan", "entries": 12, "years": 11, "span": [631, 1999], "span_label": ["631 CE", "1999 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bhikkhu", "label": "Bhikkhu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "xuanzang", "label": "Xuanzang", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "indus-river", "label": "Indus River", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mughal-empire", "label": "Mughal Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "akbar", "label": "Akbar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-nations", "label": "United Nations", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "british-east-india-company", "label": "British East India Company", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hindu", "label": "Hindu", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 631, "year_label": "631 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, crosses the Indus River at Hund and travels to Kashmir (\"Heaven on Earth\") in northwestern India (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749921#Religion", "title": "631", "revid": 1364749921, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Ksemagupta dies of a fever after a hunting party. He is succeeded by his youngest son Abhimanyu II. Queen Didda, the widow of Ksemagupta, becomes regent and the de facto ruler of Kashmir (modern India).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Asia", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Didda, queen consort and regent of Kashmir (India)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#Deaths", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1339, "year_label": "1339 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Shams-ud-Din Shah Mir, having defeated Kota Rani, Hindu queen regnant of Kashmir, in battle at Jayapur (modern Sumbal), asks her to marry him, but she commits suicide rather than do so; thus he takes over sole rule of Kashmir, beginning the Muslim Shah Mir Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188629#Date_unknown", "title": "1339", "revid": 1362188629, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Sikandar But-shikan succeeds Sikandar Shah, as Sultan of Kashmir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#Date_unknown", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Enraged by the disrespect shown to him by Yousuf Shah Chak, the Mughal Emperor, Akbar, orders the invasion of Kashmir with 5,000 men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#October–December", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1846, "year_label": "1846 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – The First Anglo-Sikh war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Lahore. Kashmir is ceded to the British East India Company, and the Koh-i-Noor diamond is surrendered to Queen Victoria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342482#January–March", "title": "1846", "revid": 1368342482, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – The new Pakistan Army and Pashtun mercenaries overrun Mirpur in Kashmir, resulting in the death of 20,000 Hindus and Sikhs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#November", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – A war begins in Kashmir, along the border between India and Pakistan, initiating the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. Also, Pakistan establishes diplomatic relations with the United States of America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#October", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2026", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#January", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – India launches Operation Meghdoot, bringing most of the disputed Siachen Glacier region of Kashmir under Indian control and triggering the Siachen conflict with Pakistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#April", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Kargil War: The Indian Air Force launches an attack on intruding Pakistan Army troops and mujahideen militants in Kashmir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#May", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › May"}}]}