{"slug": "kazakhstan", "label": "Kazakhstan", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232", "qid": "Q232", "description": "sovereign state in Eastern Europe and Central Asia", "entries": 16, "years": 15, "span": [745, 2024], "span_label": ["745 CE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "myanmar", "label": "Myanmar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philippines", "label": "Philippines", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kyrgyzstan", "label": "Kyrgyzstan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venus", "label": "Venus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "russia", "label": "Russia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "golden-horde", "label": "Golden Horde", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tokhtamysh", "label": "Tokhtamysh", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gokturks", "label": "Göktürks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mongolia", "label": "Mongolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "central-asia", "label": "Central Asia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 745, "year_label": "745 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The newly founded Uyghur Empire controls most of the former Turkic Empire territory, creating an empire that extends from Lake Balkash (modern Kazakhstan) to Lake Baikal (Mongolia), and is subject to Chinese suzerainty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906475#Asia", "title": "745", "revid": 1364906475, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The Solar eclipse of 1 May 1185, visible across Central America, Northern and Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan, occurs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484284#Astronomy", "title": "1185", "revid": 1362484284, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Mongol army led by Subutai and Jochi cross the steppes of modern Kazakhstan, and returns to the horde of Genghis Khan on the Irtysh River. At a great kurultai or gathering of chiefs, Subutai reports on the Western campaign. Jochi submits to Genghis and his supposed 'insubordination' (see 1220) is forgiven. As a result of the Mongol invasion in 1219–1223, Kazakhstan and Central Asia become part of the Mongol Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#Asia", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – In what is now part of Kazakhstan and Russia, Tulak Khan of Borjigin is confirmed by the Beylerbey Mamai of the Golden Horde, with the approval of the ruler Tokhtamysh, after Mamai arranges the assassination of Tulak's cousin, the former khan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#January–March", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Annular solar eclipse is visible through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern China, Myanmar and northern Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#October–December", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966, it becomes the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#November–December", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "February 26", "text": "February 26 – A Soviet nuclear test is conducted at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Eastern Kazakhstan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#February", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – The Soviet Union performs a nuclear weapon test in eastern Kazakhstan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#April", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The Majilis of Kazakhstan approves the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and agrees to dismantle the more than 100 missiles left on its territory by the fall of the USSR.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#December", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American to ride into space aboard a Russian launch vehicle (the Soyuz TM-21), lifting off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#March", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – The capital of Kazakhstan is moved from Almaty to Astana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#December", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – A Russian Proton rocket is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, carrying the first segment of the International Space Station, the 21-ton Zarya Module.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#November", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – In Kazakhstan, Zamanbek Nurkadilov, former mayor of Almaty, government minister and a political opponent of Nursultan Nazarbayev is found dead at his family compound.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#November", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – A nationwide state of emergency is declared in Kazakhstan in response to the 2022 Kazakh unrest. The cabinet of prime minister Askar Mamin resigns, while president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev removes former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, widely regarded as being the real power in the country, from his position as Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#January", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The CSTO deploys a \"peacekeeping\" mission in Kazakhstan, including Russian paratroopers, following a request by Kazakh president Tokayev.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#January", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243, an Embraer ERJ-190AR, crashes in Kazakhstan. Twenty-nine out of the 67 on board survive the crash.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#December", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › December"}}]}