{"slug": "king-of-italy", "label": "King of Italy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Italy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271148", "qid": "Q271148", "description": "regnal title held by several monarchs", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [894, 1904], "span_label": ["894 CE", "1904 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "pavia", "label": "Pavia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "berengar-i-of-italy", "label": "Berengar I of Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-the-blind", "label": "Louis the Blind", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "verona", "label": "Verona", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rudolph-ii-of-burgundy", "label": "Rudolph II of Burgundy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hugh-of-italy", "label": "Hugh of Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-archdiocese-of-milan", "label": "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lower-burgundy", "label": "Lower Burgundy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iron-crown-of-lombardy", "label": "Iron Crown of Lombardy", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 894, "year_label": "894 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Arnulf of Carinthia proceeds to Piacenza, and from there invades central Italy. After a successful campaign, he calls the invasion off and returns to Pavia – probably because Duke Rudolph I of Burgundy was threatening to invade Lorraine. Arnulf has himself proclaimed King of Italy at Pavia, leaving Berengar I as his vice-regent in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130298#Europe", "title": "894", "revid": 1341130298, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Following Magyars raids in Lombardy, king Louis III (\"the Blind\") is called to Italy by the grandees. He takes Pavia, forcing king Berengar I to flee, and replaces him as King of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Europe", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 922, "year_label": "922 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Adalbert I, margrave of Ivrea, leads a rebellion with the support of the Italian nobles against King Berengar I. He crosses the Alps into Burgundy and invites Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy to invade Italy. Berengar flees again to Verona and Rudolph is crowned King of Italy at Pavia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509630#Europe", "title": "922", "revid": 1341509630, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 926, "year_label": "926 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Italian nobles turn against King Rudolph II of Burgundy and request that Hugh of Provence, the effective ruler of Lower Burgundy, be elected as king of Italy. Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia is ambushed and killed near Novara, by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of Milan. Rudolph, disillusioned by the news, returns to Burgundy to protect himself. Hugh has himself crowned King of Italy. and appoints Giselbert I as count palatine of Bergamo (Northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509745#Europe", "title": "926", "revid": 1341509745, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 928, "year_label": "928 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Louis III (the Blind), former king of Provence (Lower Burgundy), dies at Arles after a 27-year reign (of which 23 are sightless). He is succeeded by his brother-in-law Hugh I who is King of Italy. With the approval of his kinsman Rudolph I, Hugh strips Louis's son and heir, Charles Constantine, of his inheritance and proclaims himself as ruler of Provence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916804#Europe", "title": "928", "revid": 1364916804, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 980, "year_label": "980 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Otto II celebrates Christmas with his family at Ravenna. He receives the Iron Crown of Lombardy as the King of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364109392#Europe", "title": "980", "revid": 1364109392, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 996, "year_label": "996 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Otto III, 16, is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire at St. Peter's Basilica, and claims also the title of King of Italy. His grandmother, Adelaide, retires to a convent she has founded at Seltz (Alsace). Otto puts down a Roman rebellion; a number of nobles (including Crescentius II) are banished for their crimes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261051#Europe", "title": "996", "revid": 1365261051, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles and secondi milites (the minor nobles), Arduin of Ivrea (grandson of former King Berengar II) is restored to his domains and crowned as King of Italy in the Basilica of San Michele Maggiore. Arduin is supported by Arnulf II, archbishop of Milan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Europe", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1004, "year_label": "1004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Henry II is crowned King of Italy by Archbishop Arnulf II in Pavia. A quarrel ensues between the German troops and the Pavese citizens. Henry orders a massacre of the population in response, destroying the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369529611#Europe", "title": "1004", "revid": 1369529611, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October", "text": "October – Conrad III, duke of Franconia, gives up his title as King of Italy in opposition with Lothair III. He receives a pardon and recovers his estates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Europe", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1208, "year_label": "1208 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Otto IV is elected by the German nobles as king of Germany at Frankfurt. He is engaged to Beatrice and travels to Milan where he receives the Iron Crown and the title of King of Italy, which continues until the end of World War I in 1918.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078934#Europe", "title": "1208", "revid": 1371078934, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Henry VII, the future Holy Roman Emperor, is crowned King of Italy in Milan with a mock-up of the Iron crown of Lombardy. The Tuscan Guelphs refuse to attend the ceremony and begin preparing for resistance against Henry's rule. Henry approves the despotic regimes of Matteo I Visconti in Milan and Cangrande I della Scala in Verona. The cities of Piedmont and Lombardy submit to Henry – in accordance with the proclaimed program of peace and justice. Florence and their Guelph (anti-imperialist) allies in Tuscany and Romagna move to defend themselves against Henry's accession.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#January_–_March", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – During a banquet given by Galeazzo I Visconti in Milan, an attempt is apparently made to poison the guest of honor, Louis IV, newly crowned as King of Italy. Galeazzo's brother, Stefano Visconti, becomes ill after tasting food and drink intended for Louis and dies suddenly at home. Stefano's brothers Galeazzo, Giovanni, and Luchino, along with his nephew Azzone Visconti, are all imprisoned on orders of the Holy Roman Emperor based on accusations of a fourth brother, Marco Visconti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#July_–_September", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1805, "year_label": "1805 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Napoleon is crowned King of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357161554#April–June", "title": "1805", "revid": 1357161554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – Meeting at Teano: Giuseppe Garibaldi gives Naples to King Victor Emmanuel II, recognizing him as King of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#October", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1904, "year_label": "1904 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Umberto II of Italy, 4th and last King of Italy (died 1983)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373337754#September", "title": "1904", "revid": 1373337754, "section": "Births › September"}}]}