{"slug": "king-of-the-romans", "label": "King of the Romans", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Romans", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782985", "qid": "Q782985", "description": "title used by medieval German monarchs", "entries": 34, "years": 30, "span": [1138, 1764], "span_label": ["1138 CE", "1764 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "aachen", "label": "Aachen", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-germany", "label": "Kingdom of Germany", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "otto-iv-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "maximilian-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alfonso-x-of-castile", "label": "Alfonso X of Castile", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "louis-iv-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "conrad-iii-of-germany", "label": "Conrad III of Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "frederick-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "philip-of-swabia", "label": "Philip of Swabia", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – Conrad III is elected as King of Germany, in the presence of the papal legate Theodwin at Koblenz. He is crowned at Aachen six days later (on March 13), and acknowledged in Bamberg by several German princes of southern Germany. Henry X (the Proud), son-in-law and heir of the late King Lothair III, refuses his allegiance to Conrad. He is deprived of all his Saxon territories, which are given to Leopold IV (the Generous).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Europe", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – King Conrad III dies after a 14-year reign at Bamberg. He is succeeded by his 29-year-old nephew Frederick I (Barbarossa), duke of Swabia, who is crowned as King of the Germans at Aachen several days later, on March 9. Frederick becomes sole ruler of Germany and receives the royal insignia, despite the fact that Conrad has a 6-year-old son, Frederick IV, who becomes duke of Swabia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#Europe", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Philip of Swabia, son of the late Emperor Frederick I, is elected \"King of Germany\" by his supporters at Mühlhausen in Thuringia. Archbishop Adolf of Cologne elects Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as Philip's rival. Otto IV is crowned as King of the Romans in Aachen by supporters of the House of Welf. Philip's coronation does not take place until September 8, at Mainz.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#Europe", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1199, "year_label": "1199 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Richard I dies from gangrene, caused by his crossbow wound. His younger brother, John (Lackland), becomes King of England. Richard's jewels are left to his nephew, Otto IV, King of the Romans. Mercadier, a mercenary captain and Richard's second in command, has Pierre Basile flayed alive and hanged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187159#Europe", "title": "1199", "revid": 1369187159, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans and is crowned again with great ceremony at Aachen by Archbishop Adolf of Cologne. After several threats, Adolf is removed from office by Pope Innocent III and excommunicated, on July 19. Philip is able to increasingly assert his kingship against Otto of Brunswick (who is also crowned king of Germany) in the northern parts of the Alps.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Europe", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1211, "year_label": "1211 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Henry VII, king of Germany (Rex Romanorum) (d. 1242)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360876354#Births", "title": "1211", "revid": 1360876354, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1215, "year_label": "1215 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Otto IV is excommunicated and forced to abdicate as ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. The German nobles, supported by Innocent III, again elect the 20-year-old Frederick II as King of the Romans who is crowned in Aachen, on July 25. The same day, Frederick takes the Cross and promises to go on Crusade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359458031#Europe", "title": "1215", "revid": 1359458031, "section": "Events › By continent › Europe"}}, {"year": 1235, "year_label": "1235 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Henry of Almain, King of the Romans (d. 1271)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483906#Births", "title": "1235", "revid": 1362483906, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1257, "year_label": "1257 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – At the first recorded meeting of the college of the seven Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, the 48-year-old Richard of Cornwall (the brother of King Henry III of England) is elected King of the Romans. He is crowned at Aachen, on May 17. His candidacy is opposed by King Alfonso X of Castile (\"the Wise\"), Pope Alexander IV and King Louis IX of France (\"the Saint\") who favour Alfonso, but both are ultimately convinced by Richard's sister-in-law, Queen Eleanor of Provence, to support Richard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011805#Europe", "title": "1257", "revid": 1350011805, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Gregory X persuades King Alfonso X of Castile (\"the Wise\") to give up his claim to the title of \"King of the Romans\". Gregory gains support in northern Italy through Rudolf I, king of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#Religion", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – King Albrecht I of Germany, ruler of the Regnum Teutonicorum and King of the Romans within the Holy Roman Empire, is assassinated at Windisch in Switzerland by his nephew, John of Swabia, the day after the two had an argument at a banquet in Winterthur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#April_–_June", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The coronation of Henry of Luxemburg as \"King of the Romans\", the person first-in-line to succeed the Holy Roman Emperor, takes place at Aachen (now in Germany). He will become the Emperor in 1312.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#January_–_March", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – The Duchy of Bavaria, split between two brothers since 1294, is reunited upon the death of Rudolf the Stammerer, Duke of Upper Bavaria. Ludwig the Barbarian, King of the Romans and Duke of Lower Bavaria. In 1328, Ludwig will later be elected the Holy Roman Emperor as Louis IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#July_–_September", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Bertrand du Pouget, French papal legate, commanding a military campaign against the Ghibellines besieges Milan – but abandons the siege when Louis IV of Bavaria, King of the Romans, sends a relief army to Italy to aid the city and to protect his domains against the Kingdom of Naples, which is together with France the strongest ally of the Papal States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#April_–_June", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – John XXII claims the right to confirm imperial elections and demands that Louis IV of Bavarian surrender his claim to be King of the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#October_–_December", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1346, "year_label": "1346 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441074#Events", "title": "1346", "revid": 1350441074, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Wenceslaus the Idle, son of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, is elected King of the Romans by the prince-electors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#April–June", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, is elected as King of the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#July–September", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, rival King of the Romans", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#Deaths", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1401, "year_label": "1401 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Rupert, King of Germany, is crowned King of the Romans at Cologne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347806355#January–March", "title": "1401", "revid": 1347806355, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1411, "year_label": "1411 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Jobst, King of the Romans and Elector of Brandenburg, a member of the House of Luxembourg who had been elected to rule as the German monarch on October 1, dies suddenly at the age of 35 following a suspected poisoning. His death clears the way for Jobst's cousin and rival, Sigismund of Hungary, to become the new King of the Romans, and for control of the Electorate of Brandenburg to pass from the House of Luxembourg to the House of Hohenzollern, with Frederick of Hohenzollern becoming the new Elector in return for supporting the election of Sigismund.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354941251#January–March", "title": "1411", "revid": 1354941251, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1411, "year_label": "1411 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Jobst of Moravia, ruler of Moravia, King of the Romans", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354941251#Deaths", "title": "1411", "revid": 1354941251, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1414, "year_label": "1414 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – The coronation of Sigismund of Luxembourg as King of the Romans takes place at Aachen, four years after he had been elected.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368828978#October–December", "title": "1414", "revid": 1368828978, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1438, "year_label": "1438 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Albert II of Germany is approved by the electors in the Holy Roman Empire as the King of the Romans, the ruler of Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365935905#January–March", "title": "1438", "revid": 1365935905, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1442, "year_label": "1442 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Friedrich, Duke of Inner Austria is crowned as Romanorum Rex, King of the Germans, and becomes the heir to the Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360560025#April–June", "title": "1442", "revid": 1360560025, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg is elected King of the Romans at Frankfurt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#January–March", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – At a meeting of six electors of the Holy Roman Empire at Frankfurt-am-Main, the Archduke Maximilian of Austria, is elected as the King of the Romans and ruler of the Germans, as the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#January–March", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1494, "year_label": "1494 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – Maximilian, King of the Romans, marries Bianca Maria Sforza, sister of the Duke of Milan after the annulment of his marriage to Anne, Duchess of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353371082#January–March", "title": "1494", "revid": 1353371082, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1502, "year_label": "1502 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – At Augsburg, Maximilian I, Germany's King of the Romans signs a treaty with representatives of King Henry VII of England, agreeing not to provide assistance to English rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367622674#July–September", "title": "1502", "revid": 1367622674, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – The Pact of Brussels is signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and his younger brother Archduke Ferdinand, guaranteeing Charles's support of Ferdinand to become the King of the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#January–March", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Maximilian of Bohemia is elected King of the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#October–December", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1653, "year_label": "1653 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Ferdinand IV, already the King of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia, is elected King of the Romans by his fellow German monarchs, making him eligible to succeed his father Ferdinand III as Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand IV will not live to become Holy Roman Emperor, instead dying from smallpox 14 months after his designation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365981775#April–June", "title": "1653", "revid": 1365981775, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – At the age of 11 years old, Prince Joseph, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, is named as \"King of the Romans\", the next in line to become the Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#January–March", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – The prince-electors, a group of nine German princes who select the next leader of the Holy Roman Empire, vote for the last time as the health of the Emperor Francis I declines. The electors (including Britain's King George III, who also rules as Elector of Hanover) approve Francis's son, Prince Joseph of Austria as King of the Romans. Upon the death of Francis in 1765, Prince Joseph becomes the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#January–June", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › January–June"}}]}