{"slug": "kingdom-of-armenia-antiquity", "label": "Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_%28antiquity%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208404", "qid": "Q208404", "description": "ancient state of Armenia", "entries": 42, "years": 40, "span": [-330, 1123], "span_label": ["331 BCE", "1123 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 18}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "shapur-ii", "label": "Shapur II", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "sasanian-empire", "label": "Sasanian Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mesopotamia-roman-province", "label": "Mesopotamia (Roman province)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantius-ii", "label": "Constantius II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "parthia", "label": "Parthia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nusaybin", "label": "Nusaybin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -330, "year_label": "331 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Vahe, legendary king of Armenia and last of the Hyke dynasty", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210205718#Deaths", "title": "331 BC", "revid": 1210205718, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -259, "year_label": "260 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Orontes III, king of Armenia and Sophene (modern-day Turkey)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948890#Deaths", "title": "260 BC", "revid": 1325948890, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abdissares, king of Sophene (Armenian Kingdom) from 212 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#Deaths", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -189, "year_label": "190 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following Antiochus III's defeat by the Romans, two of Antiochus III's Armenian satraps, Artaxias and Zariadres, declare themselves independent of the Seleucids. With Roman consent, they establish themselves as kings of the Kingdom of Armenia and the district of Sophene (Armenia Minor), respectively. Artaxias builds his capital, Artaxata, on the Araxes River (now the Aras River) near Lake Sevan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342606670#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "190 BC", "revid": 1342606670, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -139, "year_label": "140 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Tigranes the Great, king of Armenia (d. 55 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326020441#Births", "title": "140 BC", "revid": 1326020441, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -82, "year_label": "83 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tigranes the Great, King of Armenia was invited by a faction in the Seleucid civil wars, entered Syria and effectively ended Seleucid rule. Though a weakened Seleucid monarchy was briefly restored after Roman victories, ongoing instability led Pompey to abolish the dynasty and annex Syria as a Roman province in 63 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369868116#Syria", "title": "83 BC", "revid": 1369868116, "section": "Events › By place › Syria"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ariobarzanes II, Roman client king of Armenia (d. 4 AD)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Births", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -19, "year_label": "20 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Artaxias II, king of Armenia (Artaxiad dynasty)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341406329#Deaths", "title": "20 BC", "revid": 1341406329, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -19, "year_label": "20 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – Emperor Augustus Caesar negotiates a peace with Parthia, making Armenia a buffer zone between the two major powers. The captured eagles of Marcus Licinius Crassus and Mark Antony are returned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341406329#Roman_Empire", "title": "20 BC", "revid": 1341406329, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": -12, "year_label": "13 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Artaxias III, Roman client king of Armenia (d. AD 34)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372852969#Births", "title": "13 BC", "revid": 1372852969, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -11, "year_label": "12 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mithridates III, king of Commagene (Armenia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372852966#Deaths", "title": "12 BC", "revid": 1372852966, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 4, "year_label": "4 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "AD 4 – June 26 – Ariobarzanes II, Roman client king of Armenia (b. 40 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Deaths", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 18, "year_label": "18 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, governor of Syria, ignores the order of Germanicus to send Syrian-based legions, including Legio VI Ferrata and Legio X Fretensis, to Armenia to back him in his planned coronation of Artaxias III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Syria", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 18 AD › Syria"}}, {"year": 34, "year_label": "34 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Artaxias III, Roman client king of Armenia (b. 13 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#34_AD", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Deaths › 34 AD"}}, {"year": 35, "year_label": "35 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Arsaces I (or Arshak I), Roman client king of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#35_AD", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Deaths › 35 AD"}}, {"year": 58, "year_label": "58 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Rhadamistus, Roman client king of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#58_AD", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Deaths › 58 AD"}}, {"year": 67, "year_label": "67 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Nero, jealous of the success of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo in Armenia, orders that he be put to death. Corbulo literally \"falls on his sword\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185877#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 67", "revid": 1371185877, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 113, "year_label": "113 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Osroes I of Parthia violates the treaty with Rome by installing a puppet ruler in Armenia. Emperor Trajan marches east, without first attempting to use diplomacy to resolve the disagreement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189035#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 113", "revid": 1371189035, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 139, "year_label": "139 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "139 Mcurn earthquake, listed in bibliographical records of seismology as having affected the city of Mcurn (modern Hösnek, Turkey). The earthquake reportedly took place in the vicinity of Mount Ararat. The region was part of the historic Kingdom of Armenia, corresponding to eastern areas of modern Turkey. A primary source for the earthquake is the work of the historian Movses Khorenatsi (5th century).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325704547#Armenia", "title": "AD 139", "revid": 1325704547, "section": "Events › By place › Armenia"}}, {"year": 163, "year_label": "163 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Statius Priscus re-conquers Armenia; the capital city of Artaxata is ruined.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371301721#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 163", "revid": 1371301721, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 186, "year_label": "186 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sohaemus, Roman client king of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371308694#Deaths", "title": "AD 186", "revid": 1371308694, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 300, "year_label": "300 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The lion becomes extinct from Armenia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361492719#Asia", "title": "300", "revid": 1361492719, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 312, "year_label": "312 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maximinus Daza campaigns unsuccessfully against the Armenians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557372#Roman_Empire", "title": "312", "revid": 1369557372, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 330, "year_label": "330 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tiridates III (\"the Great\"), king of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368804630#Deaths", "title": "330", "revid": 1368804630, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 337, "year_label": "337 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur II of Persia begins a war against the Roman Empire. He sends his troops across the Tigris to recover Armenia and Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342549552#Persia", "title": "337", "revid": 1342549552, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 338, "year_label": "338 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Shapur II, king of the Persian Empire, begins a widespread persecution of Christians. He orders forcible conversions to the state religion, Zoroastrianism, lest the Christians disrupt his realm while he is away fighting the Romans in Armenia and Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075323#Persia", "title": "338", "revid": 1267075323, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 338, "year_label": "338 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantius II intervenes against the Persians in Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075323#Roman_Empire", "title": "338", "revid": 1267075323, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 340, "year_label": "340 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Peter of Sebaste, bishop of Armenia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281359942#Births", "title": "340", "revid": 1281359942, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 343, "year_label": "343 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Eastern Roman Emperor Constantius II campaigns in Adiabene, a vassal kingdom of Armenia (Persian Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304027012#Roman_Empire", "title": "343", "revid": 1304027012, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 359, "year_label": "359 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur II the Great of the Persian Empire invades southern Armenia. The Romans implement a scorched earth policy and place strong guards at the Euphrates crossings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332409759#Roman_Empire", "title": "359", "revid": 1332409759, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 362, "year_label": "362 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with an expeditionary force (60,000 men), and stays there for nine months, to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire. He secures the co-operation of King Arsaces of Armenia, who fights a bloody guerrilla war against the Persians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331333761#Roman_Empire", "title": "362", "revid": 1331333761, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 363, "year_label": "363 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Emperor Julian departs from Antioch with his army (90,000 men) and heads north towards the Euphrates. En route he creates a diversion and sends a force of 30,000 soldiers under his cousin Procopius to Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307501#Roman_Empire", "title": "363", "revid": 1367307501, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 369, "year_label": "369 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur II occupies the pro-Roman kingdom of Armenia. He besieges Artogerassa in modern Georgia, where Papas (Pap), son of King Arsaces II (Arshak II), defends the fortress and the royal treasure against Persian forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322977158#Persia", "title": "369", "revid": 1322977158, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 373, "year_label": "373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur II declares war as a result of Valens' support of Armenia. Emperor Valens makes Antioch his military base for the campaign against Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364742164#Persia", "title": "373", "revid": 1364742164, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 374, "year_label": "374 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Pap of Armenia (or Papas), king of Armenia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884897#Deaths", "title": "374", "revid": 1288884897, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 379, "year_label": "379 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur II, ruler of the Persian Empire, age 70, dies after a 69-year reign in which he conquered Armenia and transferred multitudes of people from the western lands to Susiana (Khuzistan). The great town Nishapur in Khorasan (eastern Parthia) is also founded by him. His brother Ardashir II, governor-king of Adiabene, is placed by the nobles on the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645183#Persia", "title": "379", "revid": 1367645183, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 384, "year_label": "384 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Shapur III signs the Peace of Acilisene with Theodosius I. Armenia is divided in two kingdoms and becomes a vassal state of the Roman Empire and Persia. The friendly relations survive for 36 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741473#Persia", "title": "384", "revid": 1364741473, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 421, "year_label": "421 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Ardaburius devastates Arzanene (Armenia) and forces the Persians to retreat to Nisibis (Syria). King Bahram V allies himself with the Lakhmid Arabs of Hirah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903948#Persia", "title": "421", "revid": 1364903948, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 428, "year_label": "428 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Artaxias IV, last king of Greater Armenia, is deposed by Bahram V. The Arshakuni Dynasty ends and the kingdom becomes a province of the Persian Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321157185#Asia", "title": "428", "revid": 1321157185, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Emperor Haraclius celebrates Easter at Nicomedia (now İzmit) then travels to Caesarea (now Kayseri), proceeding during April to Theodosiopolis. He leads troops into Armenia and sacks its capital, Dvin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#January–June", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › January–June"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Vahram Pahlavouni, prince of Bjni (Armenia) (d. 1045)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Births", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Baldwin II and Joscelin I are rescued by 50 Armenian soldiers (disguised as monks and merchants) at Kharput. They kill the guards, and infiltrate the castle where the prisoners are kept. Joscelin escapes to seek help. However, the castle is soon besieged by Turkish forces under Belek Ghazi – and is after some time recaptured. Baldwin and Waleran of Le Puiset are moved for greater safety to the castle of Harran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#April–June", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By date › April–June"}}]}