{"slug": "kingdom-of-croatia-9251102", "label": "Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_%28925%E2%80%931102%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858841", "qid": "Q858841", "description": "(925–1102) a medieval kingdom comprising most of what is today Croatia as well as, periodically, parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "entries": 26, "years": 23, "span": [925, 1116], "span_label": ["925 CE", "1116 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 14}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "dalmatia", "label": "Dalmatia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bosnia-and-herzegovina", "label": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "durres", "label": "Durrës", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-hungary", "label": "Kingdom of Hungary", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "albania", "label": "Albania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-ragusa", "label": "Republic of Ragusa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "first-bulgarian-empire", "label": "First Bulgarian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pannonia", "label": "Pannonia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "simeon-i-of-bulgaria", "label": "Simeon I of Bulgaria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 925, "year_label": "925 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Tomislav, duke of the Croatian duchies of Pannonia and Dalmatia, is crowned as king of Croatia. He forges an alliance with the Byzantines during the struggle with the Bulgarian Empire (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671300#Europe", "title": "925", "revid": 1367671300, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 926, "year_label": "926 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Bosnian Highlands: Bulgarian forces under Duke Alogobotur are ambushed and defeated by a Croatian army of King Tomislav, in the mountainous area of Eastern Bosnia. Tsar Simeon I meets his first defeat against Croatia, but overruns the Western Balkans several times.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509745#Europe", "title": "926", "revid": 1341509745, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 928, "year_label": "928 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tomislav, duke and king of Croatia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916804#Deaths", "title": "928", "revid": 1364916804, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 935, "year_label": "935 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Trpimir II, king of Croatia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468168#Deaths", "title": "935", "revid": 1364468168, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 945, "year_label": "945 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Krešimir I, king of Croatian Kingdom", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365595392#Deaths", "title": "945", "revid": 1365595392, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 949, "year_label": "949 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Miroslav (or Miroslaus) is killed by Ban Pribina during a civil war started by his younger brother Michael Krešimir II, who succeeds him as ruler of Croatia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365592042#Europe", "title": "949", "revid": 1365592042, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 969, "year_label": "969 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Michael Krešimir II, king of Croatia (House of Trpimir)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590679#Deaths", "title": "969", "revid": 1365590679, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 976, "year_label": "976 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Helen of Zadar, queen of Croatia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468275#Deaths", "title": "976", "revid": 1364468275, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 988, "year_label": "988 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Stephen I, king of Croatia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364920019#Births", "title": "988", "revid": 1364920019, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Croatian–Bulgarian War: Emperor Samuel launches a military campaign against the Kingdom of Croatia to prevent an alliance between the Serbian principality and the Byzantines. He seizes Dyrrachium (modern-day Durrës in Albania) and advances along the Dalmatian coast. The Bulgarian army is forced to withdraw into Croatian hinterlands (now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina), after the Siege of Zadar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Europe", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1000, "year_label": "1000 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Kingdom of Croatia the army of the Republic of Venice led by Doge Pietro II Orseolo conquered the island of Lastovo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373370885#Christendom", "title": "AD 1000", "revid": 1373370885, "section": "Events › Christendom"}}, {"year": 1020, "year_label": "1020 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gojslav, king of Croatia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212963#Deaths", "title": "1020", "revid": 1342212963, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Krešimir III, king of Croatia (Trpimirović Dynasty)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Deaths", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1059, "year_label": "1059 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Peter Krešimir IV is crowned king of Croatia and Dalmatia. His coronation is recognised by the Byzantine Empire who confirm him as the supreme ruler of the Dalmatian cities, i.e. over the Theme of Dalmatia – excluding the theme of Ragusa and the Duchy of Durazzo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271111243#Europe", "title": "1059", "revid": 1271111243, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1074, "year_label": "1074 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Peter Krešimir IV, king of Croatia (or 1075)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339713038#Deaths", "title": "1074", "revid": 1339713038, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1076, "year_label": "1076 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Demetrius Zvonimir is crowned as king of Croatia in Solin (near Split), in the Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known later as the Hollow Church) by a representative of Gregory VII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362789427#Europe", "title": "1076", "revid": 1362789427, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 (possible date) – Demetrius Zvonimir, king of Croatia, dies after a 12-year reign, and is succeeded by Stephen II. Zvonimir's widow, Helena of Hungary, Queen of Croatia, plots the inheritance of the Croatian crown for her brother, King Ladislaus I of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#Europe", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 (possible date) – Demetrius Zvonimir, king of Croatia and Dalmatia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#Deaths", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Stephen II, the last member of the Trpimirović dynasty, dies without leaving an heir after a 2-year reign. War and unrest breaks out in Croatia afterwards. King Ladislaus I of Hungary, on instigation of his sister, Queen Helena, intervenes in the conflict and occupies Croatia. He proclaims himself king, but is contested by the Croatian nobleman Petar Snačić.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Europe", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Helena of Hungary, queen consort of Croatia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Deaths", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October", "text": "October – Raymond IV (\"Saint-Gilles\"), count of Toulouse, sets off to join the First Crusade. He travels with his army, accompanied by his wife Elvira and Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy, via Provence through the Balkan route (along the coast of Croatia). He arrives at Dyrrachium to march to Thessaloniki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#First_Crusade", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1097, "year_label": "1097 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Peter II, king of Croatia (see Battle of Gvozd Mountain)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268080#Deaths", "title": "1097", "revid": 1365268080, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1097, "year_label": "1097 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April/May – Battle of Gvozd Mountain: In an attempt to win the crown of the Kingdom of Croatia, the Hungarian army crosses the Drava River and invades Croatia. King Peter II of Croatia moves his residency at Knin Castle to defend his kingdom. The two armies meet each other near Gvozd Mountain (modern-day Mala Kapela). After a fierce battle Peter, the last Croatian king, is defeated and killed by the Hungarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268080#Europe", "title": "1097", "revid": 1365268080, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Stephen II, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1131), and his twin Ladislaus", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Births", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Pacta Conventa formed by the Croatian nobility, recognize King Coloman as their overlord, initiating the personal union between the two kingdoms. Coloman is crowned king of Croatia (until 1116).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Europe", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1116, "year_label": "1116 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Coloman, King of Hungary (\"the Learned\") dies after a 21-year reign in which he has consolidated the feudal system in Hungary and expanded the frontier (partly by overthrowing Petar Snačić, king of Croatia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168627#Europe", "title": "1116", "revid": 1362168627, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}