{"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161885", "qid": "Q161885", "description": "constitutional monarchy in Western Europe (1707–1800)", "entries": 63, "years": 39, "span": [1660, 1800], "span_label": ["1660 CE", "1800 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 26}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 22}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "american-revolutionary-war", "label": "American Revolutionary War", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "old-style", "label": "Old Style", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "seven-years-war", "label": "Seven Years' War", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "american-revolution", "label": "American Revolution", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "parliament-of-scotland", "label": "Parliament of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-naples", "label": "Kingdom of Naples", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The office of Secretary of State for the Southern Department begins operations in the Kingdom of Great Britain, with responsibility for the colonies of British America in what will later become Canada and the United States, as well as for Ireland and for the Channel Islands. Sir Edward Nicholas, a former British Secretary of State, takes office as the first Southern Department secretary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#April–June", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – The Sophia Naturalization Act is passed by the Parliament of England, which naturalizes Sophia of Hanover (next in succession to the British throne) and the Protestant \"issue of her body\" as British subjects.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#October–December", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Queen Anne gives royal assent to the Parliament of England's Alien Act 1705, setting a deadline of December 25, 1705, for Scotland's parliament to authorize negotiations for a Treaty of Union with England to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and threatening that unless Scotland agrees to negotiate terms for union and accepts the Hanoverian succession by December 25, there would be a ban on the import of all Scottish staple products into England and Scots would also lose the privileges of Englishmen under English law – thus endangering rights to any property they held in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#January–March", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – The Parliament of Scotland votes, 116 to 83, to approve the merger of Scotland with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#October–December", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 (May 1 Old Style) – The new sovereign state of Great Britain comes into being, as a result of the Acts of Union, which combine the Kingdoms of Scotland and England into a single united Kingdom of Great Britain, and merge the Parliaments of England and Scotland, to form the Parliament of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#April–June", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain first meets in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#October–_December", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › October– December"}}, {"year": 1708, "year_label": "1708 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – War of the Spanish Succession: Wager's Action, a naval confrontation, takes place between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet off Cartagena in the Caribbean Sea. Spanish galleon San José explodes and sinks with the loss of almost all her 600 crew and an estimated 8.8 million ounces troy weight in gold; her wreck is located in 2015.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360122845#January–June", "title": "1708", "revid": 1360122845, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Battle of St. John's: The French capture St. John's, the capital of the British colony of Newfoundland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#January–March", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1709, "year_label": "1709 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 (August 31 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Malplaquet – Troops of the Dutch Republic, Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by the Duke of Marlborough, drive the French from the field, but suffer twice as many casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361817608#July–December", "title": "1709", "revid": 1361817608, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1710, "year_label": "1710 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – The world's first copyright legislation, Britain's Statute of Anne, becomes effective.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358049105#April–June", "title": "1710", "revid": 1358049105, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Jacobite rising in Scotland – Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain, led by John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355668843#October–December", "title": "1715", "revid": 1355668843, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador to Great Britain, was arrested in London for a plot to assist the Pretender to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#January–March", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 (December 24, 1716 Old Style) – The kingdoms of Great Britain, France and the Dutch Republic sign the Triple Alliance, in an attempt to maintain the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Britain having signed a preliminary alliance with France on November 28 (November 17) 1716.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#January–March", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1718, "year_label": "1718 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – The Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Great Britain and Dutch Republic join the Kingdom of France in formally declaring war on Spain, launching the War of the Quadruple Alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255401#October_–December", "title": "1718", "revid": 1350255401, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed between Spain, Britain, France, Austria and the Dutch Republic, ending the War of the Quadruple Alliance with effect from May 20.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#January–March", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Battle of Nassau: Spanish forces assault the British settlement of Nassau, Bahamas at the end of the War of the Quadruple Alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#January–March", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1721, "year_label": "1721 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – The Committee of Inquiry on the collapse of the South Sea Company in Great Britain publishes its findings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367153403#January–March", "title": "1721", "revid": 1367153403, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Henry Pelham becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#July–September", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1746, "year_label": "1746 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – War of the Austrian Succession – Battle of Rocoux: The French army defeats the allied Austrian, British, Hanoveran and Dutch army in Rocourt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271173#October–December", "title": "1746", "revid": 1360271173, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1748, "year_label": "1748 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – War of Jenkins' Ear – Battle of Havana: a British Caribbean squadron engages a Spanish squadron based near Havana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361284371#October–December", "title": "1748", "revid": 1361284371, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1750, "year_label": "1750 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Britain produces c. 2% of the entire world's output of industrial goods, before the Industrial Revolution begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349828876#Date_unknown", "title": "1750", "revid": 1349828876, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – In a convoy of ships from Great Britain, returning to India for the East India Company, the lead ship Doddington (on her third voyage) wrecks in Algoa Bay near modern-day Port Elizabeth in South Africa, losing 247 of its 270 passengers and crew, together with a chest of gold coins from Robert Clive worth £33,000. In 1998, 1,400 coins from the wreck site are offered for sale, and in 2002 a portion is given to the South African government. Around twenty survivors of the wreck are eventually able to make safety after an open boat voyage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#July–September", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – French and Indian War – Braddock Expedition: British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#July–September", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#January–March", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1756, "year_label": "1756 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – The Seven Years' War formally begins, when Great Britain declares war on France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349937992#April–June", "title": "1756", "revid": 1349937992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Battle of Pondicherry: An inconclusive naval battle is fought off the coast of India, between the French Admiral d'Aché and the British under George Pocock. The French forces are badly damaged and sail home, never to return.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#July–September", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Great Britain and Prussia agree to begin peace negotiations to end the Seven Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#April–June", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Halifax Treaties are concluded between the various bands of the Miꞌkmaq, other First Nations people and the British in Halifax, Nova Scotia, notably in the Burying the Hatchet ceremony on June 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#Date_unknown", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Seven Years' War: Britain declares war against Spain and Naples, following their recent alliance with France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#January–March", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – The Sugar Act is passed in Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#January–June", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Royal assent is given to the Duties in American Colonies Act 1765, historically referred to as the Stamp Act, imposing the first direct tax levied from Great Britain on the thirteen American colonies, effective November 1. The revenue measure (which requires the purchase of a stamp to be affixed for validation of all legal documents, but also to licensed newspapers and even playing cards and dice) is made to help defray the costs for British military operations in North America, including the French and Indian War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373039097#January–March", "title": "1765", "revid": 1373039097, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – The first Secretary of State for the Colonies is appointed in Britain, the Earl of Hillsborough.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#January–March", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Scottish inventor James Watt is granted a British patent for \"A method of lessening the consumption of steam in steam engines\" – the separate condenser, a key improvement (first devised by Watt in 1765) and the basis for the Watt steam engine which stimulates the Industrial Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#April–June", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The British forces offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#Date_unknown", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Second voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook takes possession of South Georgia for the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – American Revolution: Battle of Montreal – American forces under Brigadier General Richard Montgomery capture Montreal. British General Guy Carleton escapes to Quebec.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#July–December", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – American Revolution: Siege of Fort St. Jean – Battle of Longue-Pointe: Thirteen Colonies revolutionary forces under Maj. Ethan Allen attack Montreal in Quebec, commanded by British General Guy Carleton. Allen's forces are defeated, and Allen himself is captured and held on British ships until he is released.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#July–December", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – American Revolution: The Royal Colony of North Carolina produces the Halifax Resolves, making it the first British colony to officially authorize its Continental Congress delegates to vote for independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#March–April", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – American Revolutionary War: Burning of Norfolk – The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#January–February", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – American Revolution: United States Declaration of Independence – The Continental Congress approves the declaration by the United States of its independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. The text was drafted during June by Benjamin Franklin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#July–August", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Bennington: British and Brunswicker forces are decisively defeated by American troops at Walloomsac, New York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – American Revolutionary War – Siege of Fort Ticonderoga: After a bombardment by British artillery under General John Burgoyne, American forces retreat from Fort Ticonderoga, New York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Saratoga: British General John Burgoyne surrenders to the American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Germantown: Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – American Revolutionary War: First Battle of Ushant – British and French fleets fight to a standoff.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#July–September", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Great Britain reaches c.9 million population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#Date_unknown", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – American Revolutionary War: In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#October–December", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces, led by Benedict Arnold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562964#January–March", "title": "1781", "revid": 1370562964, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1782, "year_label": "1782 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris, representatives from the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized in the Treaty of Paris).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562345#October–December", "title": "1782", "revid": 1370562345, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – American Revolutionary War: Colbert's Raid: A Spanish garrison under Captain Jacobo du Breuil defeats British irregulars at Arkansas Post.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#April–June", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – American Revolutionary War: Great Britain acknowledges the independence of the United States of America. At this time, the Spanish government does not grant diplomatic recognition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#January–March", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1783, "year_label": "1783 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – At the palace of Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370056030#January–March", "title": "1783", "revid": 1370056030, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Britain receives its first bales of imported American cotton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#Date_unknown", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Britain creates the colony of New Brunswick.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#July–September", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – The Congress of the United States ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain to end the American Revolution, with the signature of President of Congress Thomas Mifflin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#January–March", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – A treaty is signed in Paris between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic, formally ending the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#April–June", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1786, "year_label": "1786 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – Convention of London between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Spain: British settlements on the Mosquito Coast of Central America are to be evacuated; Spain expands the territory available to the British in Belize on the Yucatán Peninsula, for cutting mahogany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370552329#July–September", "title": "1786", "revid": 1370552329, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (on March 7) Spain. During the year, the War of the First Coalition is joined by Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany in opposition to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1798, "year_label": "1798 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Battle of Tory Island: A British Royal Navy squadron, under Sir John Borlase Warren, prevents French Republican ships, commanded by Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart, from landing reinforcements for the Society of United Irishmen on the County Donegal coast; Irish leader Wolfe Tone is captured and later dies of his wounds. This ends the Irish Rebellion of 1798.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366050846#July–December", "title": "1798", "revid": 1366050846, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – King George III gives royal assent to the second Act of Union to unite the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland (both ruled by him) into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, effective on January 1, 1801.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370325498#July–September", "title": "1800", "revid": 1370325498, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}