{"slug": "kingdom-of-hungary-10001301", "label": "Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_%281000%E2%80%931301%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1470101", "qid": "Q1470101", "description": "former Central European monarchy (1000–1301)", "entries": 47, "years": 42, "span": [1008, 1301], "span_label": ["1008 CE", "1301 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Births", "count": 15}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "croatia-in-personal-union-with-hungary", "label": "Croatia in personal union with Hungary", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "bela-iv-of-hungary", "label": "Béla IV of Hungary", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "croatia-in-union-with-hungary", "label": "Croatia in union with Hungary", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-swabia", "label": "Duchy of Swabia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "conrad-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "romania", "label": "Romania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "greater-poland", "label": "Greater Poland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "croatia", "label": "Croatia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "belgrade", "label": "Belgrade", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1008, "year_label": "1008 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sarolt, Grand Princess of Hungary (b. 950)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910052#Deaths", "title": "1008", "revid": 1341910052, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1013, "year_label": "1013 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Richeza (or Adelaide), queen of Hungary (d. 1075)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212600#Births", "title": "1013", "revid": 1342212600, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – Emperor Conrad II (the Elder) leads an invasion into Hungary. He plunders the lands west of the River Rába but suffers from the consequences of the scorched earth tactics used by the Hungarians. Conrad, threatened by starvation, is forced to retreat to Germany. King Stephen I (St. Stephen) pursued his forces, which were defeated and captured by the Hungarians at Vienna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Europe", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1031, "year_label": "1031 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – After a failed invasion in the previous year, the Holy Roman Empire concludes a peace with the Kingdom of Hungary; Emperor Conrad II is forced to cede the lands between Leitha and Fischa to King Stephen I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371210564#Europe", "title": "1031", "revid": 1371210564, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1051, "year_label": "1051 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Battle of Vértes: Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor invades the Kingdom of Hungary, and is utterly defeated by Andrew I of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260254#Continental_Europe", "title": "1051", "revid": 1365260254, "section": "Events › By place › Continental Europe"}}, {"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Judith of Swabia, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1105)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Births", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1060, "year_label": "1060 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – Béla I (\"the Champion\") is crowned king of Hungary after his nephew, Solomon is deprived of the crown. He is supported by Duke Bolesław II the Generous – who helps him (with Polish troops) to obtain the Hungarian throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368549974#Europe", "title": "1060", "revid": 1368549974, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1063, "year_label": "1063 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – Béla I (the Champion), king of Hungary", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370137387#Deaths", "title": "1063", "revid": 1370137387, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1065, "year_label": "1065 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gisela (or Gizella), queen consort of Hungary (b. 985)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271706#Deaths", "title": "1065", "revid": 1365271706, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1071, "year_label": "1071 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Hungary launches a campaign against the Byzantine Empire. They besiege and capture the border fortress of Belgrade, along with Sirmium and Taurunum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932306#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1071", "revid": 1332932306, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1095, "year_label": "1095 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July", "text": "July – Coloman (\"the Learned\") begins to establish himself as ruler of Hungary, following the death of his uncle, King Ladislaus I (until 1116).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365264485#Europe", "title": "1095", "revid": 1365264485, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1133, "year_label": "1133 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1165)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156605#Births", "title": "1133", "revid": 1362156605, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Emperor Lothair III receives homage from Eric II, and makes him an imperial prince at the Reichstag. His diplomatic missions to Hungary and Poland result in a tribute payment. Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth is given Pomerania and Rügen as German fiefs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Europe", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1144, "year_label": "1144 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Maria Komnene, queen consort of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1190)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160711#Births", "title": "1144", "revid": 1362160711, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – July – A German expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) under King Conrad III leaves Regensburg and passes into Hungary. The German nobility is headed by Conrad's nephew and heir, Frederick I, duke of Swabia. On July 20, Conrad crosses into the Byzantine Empire, and reaches Sofia – where Michael Palaiologos (a nephew of Emperor Manuel I) gives Conrad an official welcome and provides the Crusaders with food.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1154, "year_label": "1154 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Agnes of Austria, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1182)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164172#Births", "title": "1154", "revid": 1362164172, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1160, "year_label": "1160 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A plot of land at Miholjanec is donated to the Knights Templar, who build a monastery in nearby Zdelia. This is the earliest historical mention of the Templars in Croatia and Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224699#Europe", "title": "1160", "revid": 1371224699, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1165, "year_label": "1165 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Stephen IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1133)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483614#Deaths", "title": "1165", "revid": 1362483614, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August", "text": "August – Frederick I claims imperial authority over Bohemia, Greater Poland and Hungary. He installs his 3-year-old son Frederick V as duke of Swabia, after Frederick's cousin, Frederick IV, dies of disease at Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April", "text": "April–May – Béla III returns to Hungary – where he is acclaimed king by the Hungarian nobility, after the death (possibly from poison) of his elder brother Stephen III, on March 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Europe", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Stephen III, king of Hungary (b. 1147)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Deaths", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – King Béla III of Hungary invites Cistercian and Premonstratensian monks to Hungary. They introduce advanced agricultural methods in the realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Agriculture", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By topic › Agriculture"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Emeric, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1204)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Births", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – Agnes of Austria, queen of Hungary (b. 1154)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Deaths", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – June – Béla III, king of Hungary, ravages the region of Belgrade and Barancs (modern-day Braničevo). Meanwhile, Serbia allies itself with Hungary to gain independence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Europe", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gertrude of Merania, queen of Hungary (d. 1213)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484284#Births", "title": "1185", "revid": 1362484284, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1206, "year_label": "1206 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Béla IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1270)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267066460#Births", "title": "1206", "revid": 1267066460, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Teutonic Order builds Bran Castle in the Burzenland (modern Romania) as a fortified position at the entrance of a mountain pass through which traders can travel. The Teutonic Knights build another five castles, some of them made of stone. Their rapid expansion in Hungary makes the nobility and clergy, who are previously uninterested in those regions, jealous and suspicious.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354428304#Europe", "title": "1212", "revid": 1354428304, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1233, "year_label": "1233 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June", "text": "June – Yolanda de Courtenay, queen consort of Hungary", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489040#Deaths", "title": "1233", "revid": 1367489040, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – King Béla IV of Hungary allows some 40,000 Cumans, pagan nomads fleeing the Mongols, to settle in Hungary between the rivers Danube and Theiss, after their leader, Köten, has promised to convert to Christianity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Europe", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1239, "year_label": "1239 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Stephen V, king of Hungary (House of Árpád) (d. 1272)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650554#Births", "title": "1239", "revid": 1368650554, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1242, "year_label": "1242 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Grobnik Field: Croatian forces under Béla IV stop the Mongol invasion in Hungary and Croatia. Béla rebuilds the country and orders the building of fortifications through his kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360512210#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1242", "revid": 1360512210, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Elizabeth the Cuman, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1290)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Births", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1245, "year_label": "1245 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Beatrice d'Este, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1215)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355852673#Deaths", "title": "1245", "revid": 1355852673, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1246, "year_label": "1246 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Battle of the Leitha River: Hungarian forces, under King Béla IV, defeat Duke Frederick II (the Quarrelsome) at the banks of the Leitha River. Frederick is killed (leaving no male heirs); the House of Babenberg is dissolved. Emperor Frederick II places the fiefs of Austria and Styria under his rule. This ends the Austrian claims to the western counties of Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356775338#Europe", "title": "1246", "revid": 1356775338, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1261, "year_label": "1261 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Otto III, Duke of Bavaria, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1312)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011180#Births", "title": "1261", "revid": 1350011180, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1262, "year_label": "1262 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Ladisslaus IV (\"the Cuman\"), king of Hungary (d. 1290)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275696322#Births", "title": "1262", "revid": 1275696322, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – Peace of Pressburg: Kings Ottokar II and Stephen V sign a peace agreement at Pressburg, settling territorial claims, following the failed invasion of Hungary by Ottokar in April. In the agreement, Stephen promises not to support Ottokar's opponents in Carinthia, and Ottokar renounces the castles he and his partisans occupy in Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Europe", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Charles Martel, king of Hungary (d. 1295)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Births", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Agnes of Austria, queen consort of Hungary (House of Árpád) (d. 1364)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Births", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Mongol Golden Horde led by Nogai Khan and Talabuga attacks Hungary for the second time. They successfully subdue Slovakia and sack territory north of the Carpathian Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Europe", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – Pope Nicholas IV proclaims a crusade against the 26-year-old King Ladislaus IV, who had lost credibility by favoring his semi-pagan Cuman subjects in Hungary, and in general refusing to conform to the social standards of Western Europe. Meanwhile, the Hungarian government loses more power because the clergy and most of the nobles rule the kingdom independently.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Europe", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Wenceslaus III, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1306)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Births", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1290, "year_label": "1290 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – King Ladislaus IV of Hungary (\"the Cuman\") is assassinated at the castle of Körösszeg (modern Romania). He is succeeded by Andrew III (\"the Venetian\"), after an election by Hungarian nobles, who is crowned by Archbishop Lodomer as new ruler of Hungary and Croatia in Székesfehérvár on July 23.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343598991#Europe", "title": "1290", "revid": 1343598991, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – Charles Martel, titular king of Hungary (b. 1271)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Deaths", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Andrew III (\"Andrew the Venetian\"), king of Hungary (b. 1265)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#Deaths", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – With the death of King Andrew III (\"the Venetian\") after a short illness, possibly from poisoning, the Árpád Dynasty in Hungary ends. This results in a power struggle between Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, Otto III of Bavaria, and Charles Robert of Naples. Eventually, Wenceslaus is elected and crowned as king of Hungary and Croatia. His rule is only nominal, because a dozen powerful Hungarian nobles hold sway over large territories in the kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#January–_March", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › January– March"}}]}