{"slug": "kingdom-of-jerusalem", "label": "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55502", "qid": "Q55502", "description": "medieval Christian kingdom in the Middle East", "entries": 54, "years": 48, "span": [1092, 1324], "span_label": ["1092 CE", "1324 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 19}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Births", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "fulk-king-of-jerusalem", "label": "Fulk, King of Jerusalem", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "baldwin-ii-of-jerusalem", "label": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "melisende-queen-of-jerusalem", "label": "Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-cyprus", "label": "Kingdom of Cyprus", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "baldwin-iv-of-jerusalem", "label": "Baldwin IV of Jerusalem", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "county-of-tripoli", "label": "County of Tripoli", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "baldwin-iii-of-jerusalem", "label": "Baldwin III of Jerusalem", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "principality-of-antioch", "label": "Principality of Antioch", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tyre-lebanon", "label": "Tyre, Lebanon", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": 1092, "year_label": "1092 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Fulk V (\"the Younger\"), Count of Anjou and king of Jerusalem (d. 1143)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273814679#Births", "title": "1092", "revid": 1273814679, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – The Kingdom of Jerusalem is established in the Middle East. Godfrey of Bouillon is named king (but refuses to be crowned) and takes the title Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#First_Crusade", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Crusade of 1101 – A second wave of European crusaders attempts to cross Anatolia, to reach the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They are defeated by the Seljuk troops under Sultan Kilij Arslan I, at Heraclea. A handful of crusaders under Raymond IV of Toulouse manage to reach the Byzantine port of Bafra, at the mouth of the River Halys.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A Fatimid expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) invades Palestine and launches attacks into the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Crusaders defeat a Fatimid rearguard near Ascalon, and capture the city after a 3-year siege. The Crusaders capture Caesarea Maritima with support of the Genoese fleet. A number of Genoese trading colonies are established along the Mediterranean coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Levant", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Humphrey II of Toron, constable of Jerusalem (d. 1179)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Births", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1120, "year_label": "1120 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Council of Nablus: King Baldwin II of Jerusalem and Patriarch Warmund convenes an assembly at Nablus, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The prelates and noblemen who attend the meeting confirm the clergy's right to collect the tithe and to bear arms \"in the cause of defense\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1298169999#Levant", "title": "1120", "revid": 1298169999, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Pactum Warmundi: A treaty of alliance, is established between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Republic of Venice at Acre. The Venetians receive a street, with a church, baths and a bakery, free of all obligations, in every town of the kingdom. They are also excused of all tolls and taxes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#Middle_East", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1126, "year_label": "1126 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Morphia of Melitene, queen of Jerusalem (or 1127)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368526441#Deaths", "title": "1126", "revid": 1368526441, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1127, "year_label": "1127 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Morphia of Melitene, queen consort of Jerusalem (or 1126)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348045996#Deaths", "title": "1127", "revid": 1348045996, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1129, "year_label": "1129 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Fulk V, count of Anjou, marries Melisende (daughter of King Baldwin II) the heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Fulk gives up his title which passes to his 15-year-old son, Geoffrey V (the Fair).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329978071#Europe", "title": "1129", "revid": 1329978071, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1131, "year_label": "1131 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – King Baldwin II falls seriously ill, after his return from Antioch. He is moved to the patriarch's residence near the Holy Sepulchre, where he bequeaths the kingdom to his daughter Melisende, her husband Fulk and their infant son, Baldwin. He takes monastic vows, and dies soon after. Baldwin is buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, at Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372289644#Levant", "title": "1131", "revid": 1372289644, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1131, "year_label": "1131 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372289644#Deaths", "title": "1131", "revid": 1372289644, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1134, "year_label": "1134 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Count Hugh II (du Puiset), in alliance with the Egyptian city of Ascalon, revolts against King Fulk V of Jerusalem, attempting to take Jaffa. Hugh submits to Fulk and is exiled for three years. While awaiting for a boat to Italy he is attacked by a Breton knight, but survives the attempted murder. Hugh retires to the Sicilian court of his cousin, King Roger II, who appoints him to the lordship of Gargano, where he dies soon afterwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321069056#Asia", "title": "1134", "revid": 1321069056, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Queen Melisende of Jerusalem reconciles with her husband Fulk V, after a period of estrangement occasioned by her growing power, and rumors that she has had an affair with Hugh II (du Puiset), former count of Jaffa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Levant", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Amalric I (or Amalricus), king of Jerusalem (d. 1174)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Births", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Fulk (the Younger), king of Jerusalem", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#Deaths", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1145, "year_label": "1145 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Theodora Komnene, queen of Jerusalem (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160818#Births", "title": "1145", "revid": 1362160818, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bosra: A Crusader force under King Baldwin III fights an inconclusive battle against Seljuk forces from Damascus led by Mu'in al-Din aided by Nur al-Din's contingents from Aleppo and Mosul. Baldwin retreats to Jerusalem, while the Seljuk Turks attack his rearguard and stragglers underway back to Palestine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Levant", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Louis VII and his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, are welcomed at St. Symeon by Eleanor's uncle Raymond of Poitiers and all his household. Raymond escorts the French crusaders to Antioch, where for the next days festivities are held. He urges Louis to accompany him on an expedition against Aleppo but Louis refuses and prefers instead to finish his pilgrimage to Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Second_Crusade", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1149, "year_label": "1149 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Albert of Vercelli, patriarch of Jerusalem (d. 1214)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184526#Births", "title": "1149", "revid": 1369184526, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1149, "year_label": "1149 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem is consecrated, after reconstruction.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184526#Levant", "title": "1149", "revid": 1369184526, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Baldwin III and his mother, Queen Melisende, are called to intervene in a dispute between Baldwin's aunt Hodierna and her husband Raymond II, count of Tripoli. Hodierna decides to take a long holiday, and travels to Jerusalem, while Raymond escorts her out on the road southwards. On the way back to Tripoli, a group of Assassins stabs him to death at the southern gate of the city. The garrison rushes to arms and pours into the streets, slaying every Muslim in their way, but the Assassins manage to escape; the motive of their act is never known.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#Levant", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1153, "year_label": "1153 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Aimery of Cyprus (or Amaury), king of Jerusalem (d. 1205)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184506#Births", "title": "1153", "revid": 1369184506, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1168, "year_label": "1168 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem and Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-Egypt. Archbishop William of Tyre is among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople to finalize the treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165077#Levant", "title": "1168", "revid": 1362165077, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1169, "year_label": "1169 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Late Summer – Emperor Manuel I Komnenos sends an embassy to Egypt to demand tribute, and threatens the country with war when they refuse to pay it. The Byzantine fleet under Admiral Andronikos Kontostephanos sets out from the Hellespont; 60 war galleys are sent to Palestine with money for \"the knights of Jerusalem\". Andronikos with the rest of the fleet sails to Cyprus, at which he defeats a patrolling squadron of 6 Fatimid ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367314843#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1169", "revid": 1367314843, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Egyptian forces, led by Saladin, invade the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and besiege Darum on the Mediterranean coast. Its defenses are weak, and though Saladin has no siege engines with him, the fall seems imminent. King Amalric I withdraws his Templar garrison from Gaza, to assist him in defending Darum. Saladin raises the siege and marches on Gaza, where he captures the lower town (despite the stiff resistance ordered by Lord Miles of Plancy), and massacres the inhabitants. However, the citadel is too strong for Saladin, and he is forced to retreat to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#Levant", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1171, "year_label": "1171 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – King Amalric I of Jerusalem departs with a large staff for Constantinople. At Callipolis he is met by his father-in-law, John Doukas Komnenos, military governor (doux) of Cyprus. Amalric enters the Byzantine capital and is welcomed by Manuel I. In June, a treaty is signed, Amalric recognizes Manuel's suzerainty over Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165802#Levant", "title": "1171", "revid": 1362165802, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Isabella I, queen and regent of Jerusalem (d. 1205)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Births", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Amalric I, king of Jerusalem (b. 1136)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Deaths", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – King Amalric I dies of dysentery after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son Baldwin IV (the Leper), who becomes ruler of Jerusalem. Count Raymond III of Tripoli is appointed as his regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Levant", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – August – Battle of Belvoir Castle: Saladin crosses into Palestine round the south of the Sea of Galilee. King Baldwin IV (the Leper) of Jerusalem marches with his army back from Oultrejordain and attacks Saladin's forces near Belvoir Castle (modern Israel). In a fierce battle, the Crusaders successfully repel Saladin's invasion. At the end of the day, each side retires, claiming the victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Levant", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – The 23-year-old Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (\"the Leper King\") dies of leprosy after a 10-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old nephew, Baldwin V, as the sole ruler of Jerusalem under the regency of Count Raymond of Tripoli. The child-king becomes a pawn in the politics of the kingdom, between his mother Sibylla of Jerusalem (sister of Baldwin IV) and her younger half-sister Isabella I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484284#Levant", "title": "1185", "revid": 1362484284, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1189, "year_label": "1189 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Saladin has reconquered the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem except for Tyre. The castles of Montréal and Kerak are captured by Muslim forces. In the north, Saladin has regained the Principality of Antioch except for Antioch and the castle of Al-Qusayr in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168718#Levant", "title": "1189", "revid": 1362168718, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Sibylla (or Sibylle), queen of Jerusalem (b. 1160)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Deaths", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – The 18-year-old Isabella I, half-sister of Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, marries Conrad of Montferrat at Acre making him de facto king of Jerusalem (as Conrad I). He has the support of her mother Maria Comnena and stepfather Balian of Ibelin, as well as Reginald of Sidon and other major nobles in the Crusader States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Third_Crusade", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Siege of Acre: The Muslim garrison surrenders to Philip II, which includes an agreement to give up the 70 Muslim ships in the harbour without Saladin's consent, and by the time that he learned of this intention, the city has already capitulated. Conrad of Montferrat, who has negotiated the surrender, raises the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, and of the Crusader leaders Philip II, Richard I, and Leopold V of Austria, on the city's walls and towers. The siege of Acre has taken nearly two years and has cost some 100,000 Christian casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1197, "year_label": "1197 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Henry II, Count of Champagne, king of Jerusalem, dies from falling out a first-floor window at his palace in Acre. His widow, Isabella I, becomes regent while the kingdom is thrown into consternation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224721#Levant", "title": "1197", "revid": 1371224721, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1197, "year_label": "1197 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Henry II, Count of Champagne (or Henry II), king of Jerusalem (b. 1166)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224721#Deaths", "title": "1197", "revid": 1371224721, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Amalric I, ruler of Cyprus, marries Princess Isabella I, daughter of the late King Amalric I. A few days later they are crowned as King and Queen of Jerusalem at Acre. On July 1, Amalric signs a truce with Al-Adil I, sultan of Egypt and Syria, securing the Crusader possessions from Acre to as far as Antioch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#Levant", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Aimery of Cyprus, king of Jerusalem, dies of food poisoning caused by white mullet. He is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Hugh I as ruler of Cyprus. His mother, Queen Isabella I becomes regent over the young boy, but she dies suddenly four days after her husband. The High Court of Cyprus appoints Walter of Montbéliard (brother-in-law of Aimery) as regent and Hugh's guardian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Levant", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Aimery of Cyprus (or Amaury), king of Jerusalem", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Deaths", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1210, "year_label": "1210 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The 18-year-old Maria of Montferrat marries the French nobleman John of Brienne, who brings a dowry of 40,000 silver pounds (from King Philip II and Pope Innocent III). On October 3, the couple is crowned as King and Queen of Jerusalem in the Crusader Cathedral of Tyre (modern Lebanon).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321284058#Levant", "title": "1210", "revid": 1321284058, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Albert of Vercelli, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329586748#Deaths", "title": "1214", "revid": 1329586748, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Henry of Antioch, co-ruler of Jerusalem (d. 1276)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Births", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Al-Kamil decides to offer the Crusaders a deal, Jerusalem in exchange for their departure from Egypt. John I favored accepting this offer but Pelagius refuses, unless it also includes Kerak Castle and other former castles of Jerusalem, to the east of the Jordan River. Al-Kamil refuses these strategically important sites, and Pelagius rejects the offer. This angers the Crusaders – who consider Jerusalem their important goal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By place › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1225, "year_label": "1225 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Frederick II marries the 14-year-old Queen Yolande, heiress to the kingdom of Jerusalem, and adds the Crusader States to his dominions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333322984#October_–_December", "title": "1225", "revid": 1333322984, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1228, "year_label": "1228 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Isabella II, queen and regent of Jerusalem (b. 1212)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360747311#Deaths", "title": "1228", "revid": 1360747311, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1246, "year_label": "1246 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alice of Champagne, queen and regent of Jerusalem, dies after a 3-year reign. She is succeeded by her son, Henry I of Cyprus (the Fat), who appoints Balian III of Beirut as his bailli and confirms Philip of Montfort in the possession of Tyre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356775338#Levant", "title": "1246", "revid": 1356775338, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1253, "year_label": "1253 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – King Henry I of Cyprus (\"the Fat\") dies and is succeeded by his son Hugh II, who is only a few months old. His mother, Queen Plaisance of Antioch, claims the regency of Cyprus and the titular regency of Jerusalem. The High Court of Cyprus confirms her position, but the barons of Outremer require her attendance in person before they will recognize her. John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa, remains as bailli, and Plaisance contemplates marrying John's youthful son Balian. Meanwhile, King Louis IX of France (\"the Saint\"), still staying at Acre, continues to administer the government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362664638#Europe", "title": "1253", "revid": 1362664638, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – Egyptian forces led by Sultan Baibars (or Abu al-Futuh) attack Acre; there is severe fighting outside the walls, in which the seneschal, Geoffrey of Sergines, is badly wounded. Baibars is not yet ready to besiege the city and begins a major campaign to eliminate the Crusader kingdom of Jerusalem, the county of Tripoli and the principality of Antioch.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Levant", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – King Hugh III of Cyprus (\"the Great\") signs a peace with Sultan Baibars, Mamluk ruler of Egypt, at Caesarea. The Kingdom of Jerusalem is guaranteed for 10 years the possession of its present lands, which consists mainly of the narrow coastal plain from Acre to Sidon, together with the right to use without hindrance the pilgrim-road to Nazareth. The County of Tripoli is safeguarded by the peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Levant", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Charles I, king of Sicily, buys the title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem from Maria of Antioch, for 1,000 bezants and an annual payment of 4,000 livres tournois.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Europe", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1286, "year_label": "1286 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – Henry II is crowned king of Jerusalem at Tyre. After the ceremony, he returns to Acre for the festivities. A few weeks later, Henry returns to Cyprus and appoints his uncle Philip of Ibelin as regent (bailiff).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071337#Levant", "title": "1286", "revid": 1363071337, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1324, "year_label": "1324 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Henry II of Cyprus, king of Jerusalem (b. 1270)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303312513#Deaths", "title": "1324", "revid": 1303312513, "section": "Deaths"}}]}