{"slug": "kingdom-of-northumbria", "label": "Kingdom of Northumbria", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 60, "years": 57, "span": [644, 1089], "span_label": ["644 CE", "1089 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 24}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 18}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "mercia", "label": "Mercia", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "scandinavian-york", "label": "Scandinavian York", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "wessex", "label": "Wessex", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "great-heathen-army", "label": "Great Heathen Army", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "thelred-i-of-northumbria", "label": "Æthelred I of Northumbria", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "cnut-the-great", "label": "Cnut the Great", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "york", "label": "York", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "picts", "label": "Picts", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "eardwulf-of-northumbria", "label": "Eardwulf of Northumbria", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": 644, "year_label": "644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Oswine, son of the late king Osric of Deira, manages to establish himself as king of Deira (Northern England) despite armed objections from King Oswiu of Bernicia. His succession, probably the choice of the people of Deira, splits the Kingdom of Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635050#Britain", "title": "644", "revid": 1367635050, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 715, "year_label": "715 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Nechtan mac Der-Ilei invites the Northumbrian clergy to establish Christianity amongst the Picts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367661130#Britain", "title": "715", "revid": 1367661130, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 759, "year_label": "759 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Oswulf, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847712#Deaths", "title": "759", "revid": 1340847712, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 788, "year_label": "788 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Ælfwald I, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753395#Deaths", "title": "788", "revid": 1364753395, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 790, "year_label": "790 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Æthelred I returns to Northumbria, and is restored to the throne after living in exile for 11 years. His rival Osred II is deposed, forcibly tonsured, and exiled to the Isle of Man. Æthelred then faces a rebellion by another rival, named Eardwulf. The latter is captured, and hanged outside the gates to Ripon Abbey. The body is taken into the abbey, where Eardwulf recovers and escapes to exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848291#Britain", "title": "790", "revid": 1340848291, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 791, "year_label": "791 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Princes Ælf and Ælfwine of Northumbria, the sons of former king Ælfwald I, are persuaded to leave their sanctuary in York Minster, and are immediately forcibly drowned in Wonwaldremere, at the instigation of King Æthelred I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749143#Britain", "title": "791", "revid": 1364749143, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 792, "year_label": "792 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September", "text": "September – King Æthelred I of Northumbria marries Princess Ælfflæd, daughter of King Offa of Mercia, at Catterick. Unrest in Northumbria tempts the exiled king Osred II back to his kingdom from the Isle of Man. His supporters desert him, and Osred II is killed by Æthelred's men at Aynburg. He is buried at Tynemouth Priory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906591#Britain", "title": "792", "revid": 1364906591, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Viking raiders attack the Northumbrian coast, arriving in longships from either Denmark or Norway, and sacking the monastery of Lindisfarne. Many of the monks are killed or enslaved. It is the first Viking attack on a monastery in the British Isles, although it is not the first known Viking attack in the British Isles. The first attack came in 789, when Vikings raided the settlement of Portland in Dorset.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Britain", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 794, "year_label": "794 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Vikings sack the Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey in Northumbria (the second monastery target in England of the Vikings, after the raids on Lindisfarne in 793).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848638#Britain", "title": "794", "revid": 1340848638, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 796, "year_label": "796 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – Æthelred I, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907018#Deaths", "title": "796", "revid": 1364907018, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 800, "year_label": "800 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ealhmund, prince of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367075277#Deaths", "title": "800", "revid": 1367075277, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 808, "year_label": "808 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ælfwald II, king of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848803#Deaths", "title": "AD 808", "revid": 1340848803, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 810, "year_label": "810 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Eardwulf, king of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848812#Deaths", "title": "810", "revid": 1340848812, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 829, "year_label": "829 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Battle of the River Dore: Egbert of Wessex leads his army against the Northumbrians as far as Dore, where he clashes with King Eanred of Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941503#Britain", "title": "829", "revid": 1340941503, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 830, "year_label": "830 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Eardwulf, king of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359310799#Deaths", "title": "830", "revid": 1359310799, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 832, "year_label": "832 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Flag of Scotland: According to legend, King Óengus II of Fortriu leads an army of Picts and Scots, against the invading Angles from Northumbria, near Athelstaneford.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075509#Britain_and_Ireland", "title": "832", "revid": 1267075509, "section": "Events › By place › Britain and Ireland"}}, {"year": 844, "year_label": "844 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Rædwulf, king of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342120631#Deaths", "title": "844", "revid": 1342120631, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Kenneth I (also called Kenneth MacAlpin) of Alba (modern Scotland) invades Northern Northumbria during the period of 850–858, burning Dunbar and Melrose.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Britain", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Eanred, king of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Deaths", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 862, "year_label": "862 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Æthelred II, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129421#Deaths", "title": "862", "revid": 1341129421, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 863, "year_label": "863 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Osberht of Northumbria engages in a dispute for royal power, with a rival claimant named Ælla. After Osberht is replaced, Ælla wields power in Northumbria, but the civil war continues.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322668706#Britain", "title": "863", "revid": 1322668706, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 865, "year_label": "865 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Viking king Ragnar Lodbrok is captured by the Northumbrians in battle, and killed by being thrown into a pit filled with venomous snakes, on the orders of King Ælla of Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129586#Britain", "title": "865", "revid": 1341129586, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 866, "year_label": "866 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Great Heathen Army of the Vikings rides north to Northumbria. The Northumbrians are preoccupied with a civil war, and the Danes enter York unopposed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129580#Britain", "title": "866", "revid": 1341129580, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 867, "year_label": "867 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Vikings or \"Danes\" (the two terms were often used interchangeably at the time), comprising the Great Heathen Army, advance northward from bases in the Kingdom of East Anglia, into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655299#Britain", "title": "867", "revid": 1366655299, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 867, "year_label": "867 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Ælla, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655299#Deaths", "title": "867", "revid": 1366655299, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 872, "year_label": "872 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Great Heathen Army returns to Northumbria, to put down a rebellion at York. King Ecgberht I and his archbishop, Wulfhere, are expelled by the Northumbrians and flee to Mercia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267071842#Britain", "title": "872", "revid": 1267071842, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 873, "year_label": "873 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ecgberht I, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072669#Deaths", "title": "873", "revid": 1267072669, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 874, "year_label": "874 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Great Heathen Army splits into two bands; Halfdan returns with his forces to Northumbria, along with his brother Ubba, where he establishes a new base on the River Tyne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347164206#Britain", "title": "874", "revid": 1347164206, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 894, "year_label": "894 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Vikings in Northumbria and East Anglia swear allegiance and hand over hostages to King Alfred the Great, but promptly break their truce by attacking the southwest of England. A Viking force returns from Exeter and sails along the coast, in an attempt to plunder Chichester. They are defeated by the Saxon garrison, losing many ships and men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130298#Britain", "title": "894", "revid": 1341130298, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 895, "year_label": "895 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – Guthred, king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346093921#Deaths", "title": "895", "revid": 1346093921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 899, "year_label": "899 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Æthelwold's Revolt: Following the death of Alfred the Great, Æthelwold (youngest son of the late king Æthelred I) disputes the succession of Edward the Elder. He seizes the royal estates at Wimborne, the ancient symbolic burial place of West Saxon kings, and Christchurch. Edward set up his army camp at Badbury Rings. Æthelwold first declares that he will 'live or die' at Wimborne, but then flees to Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130263#Britain", "title": "899", "revid": 1341130263, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 909, "year_label": "909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Edward the Elder despatches an Anglo-Saxon army to attack the Northumbrian Vikings, and ravages Scandinavian York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367656270#Britain", "title": "909", "revid": 1367656270, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 910, "year_label": "910 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Eowils and Halfdan, kings of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130820#Deaths", "title": "910", "revid": 1341130820, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Eadwulf II, ruler (high-reeve) of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Deaths", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 918, "year_label": "918 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Corbridge: High-Reeve Ealdred I persuades King Constantine II of Scotland to help him reclaim his position in Bernicia. They mount an invasion of his now Norse controlled lands. The Vikings under Ragnall ua Ímair (or Rægnald) defeat the Scots and their allies at Corbridge (Northern Northumbria), but take heavy casualties themselves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509557#Britain", "title": "918", "revid": 1341509557, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 919, "year_label": "919 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Ragnall ua Ímair, a Viking chief from Ireland, takes control of the Norse Kingdom of York (also referred to as Jórvik) and the English-ruled Earldom of Northumbria. He establishes himself as king at York.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509579#Britain", "title": "919", "revid": 1341509579, "section": "Events › By Place › Britain"}}, {"year": 920, "year_label": "920 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "High-Reeve Ealdred I, ruler of the former kingdom of Bernicia (Northumbria), and his brother Uhtred, submit to the overlordship of King Edward the Elder (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205100#Britain", "title": "920", "revid": 1349205100, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 921, "year_label": "921 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ragnall ua Ímair, Viking king of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509617#Deaths", "title": "921", "revid": 1341509617, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 926, "year_label": "926 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Æthelstan of Wessex and Mercia annexes Northumbria, and forces Wales and Strathclyde to accept his sovereignty along with the Picts and the Scots (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509745#Britain", "title": "926", "revid": 1341509745, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 939, "year_label": "939 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – King Æthelstan dies at Gloucester after a 15-year reign. He is buried at Malmesbury Abbey and succeeded by his half-brother, Edmund I (\"the Magnificent\"). After Æthelstan's death Olaf Guthfrithson (or his cousin, Anlaf Cuaran) a Viking leader who rules Dublin, is proclaimed king of York (south of Northumbria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656722#England", "title": "939", "revid": 1366656722, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 941, "year_label": "941 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Olaf Guthfrithson, a Norse-Irish chieftain, is killed while raiding an ancient Anglian church at Tyninghame (Northern Northumbria). He is succeeded by his cousin Olaf Sigtryggsson as ruler of Jórvik (modern Yorkshire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512041#Europe", "title": "941", "revid": 1341512041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 944, "year_label": "944 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Edmund I regains (with the help of Danish settlers) the territory he ceded to Olaf Guthfrithson. He conquers Northumbria and cedes Cumberland to Malcolm I, king of the 'Picts and Scots'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512279#England", "title": "944", "revid": 1341512279, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 948, "year_label": "948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Eadred ravages Northumbria and burns down St. Wilfrid's church at Ripon. On his way home, he sustains heavy losses at Castleford. Eadred manages to check his rivals, and the Northumbrians are forced to pay him compensation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512591#England", "title": "948", "revid": 1341512591, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 954, "year_label": "954 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Eric I (Bloodaxe) is killed at Stainmore allowing King Eadred to recover York, reuniting Northumbria with that of All England. High-Reeve Osulf I of Bamburgh is appointed ealdorman (\"earl\") of Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360671354#British_Isles", "title": "954", "revid": 1360671354, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 957, "year_label": "957 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Mercia and Northumbria rebel against King Eadwig and switch their allegiance to his brother Edgar. The English nobles (in support of the church) agree to divide the kingdom along the Thames River, with Eadwig keeping Wessex and Kent in the south and Edgar ruling in the north. Edgar's advisers recall Dunstan from Flanders (see 956).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512729#England", "title": "957", "revid": 1341512729, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 959, "year_label": "959 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – King Eadwig dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his 16-year-old brother Edgar I (the Peaceful), who effectively completes the unification of England, when Northumbria submits to his rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512808#England", "title": "959", "revid": 1341512808, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Uhtred (the Bold), a son of Ealdorman Waltheof I of Northumbria, establishes an episcopal see at Durham and moves the monastic community of Chester-le-Street there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#England", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Events › Europe › England"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Sweyn I (Forkbeard) lands with a Danish Viking fleet in East Anglia, ravaging the countryside. Northumbria surrenders to him (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#England", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1006, "year_label": "1006 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ælfhelm of York, ealdorman (dux) of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344800605#Deaths", "title": "1006", "revid": 1344800605, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1013, "year_label": "1013 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Danish Viking raiders led by Sweyn Forkbeard (accompanied by his son Cnut) sail from Denmark to attack England. Again London defends itself and the Vikings move elsewhere, plundering Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria. King Æthelred the Unready sends his sons Edward and Alfred to Normandy. Æthelred retreats to the Isle of Wight and follows them later into exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212600#England", "title": "1013", "revid": 1342212600, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1015, "year_label": "1015 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Cnut the Great of Denmark launches an invasion of Mercia and Northumbria in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365259982#Europe", "title": "1015", "revid": 1365259982, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1017, "year_label": "1017 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cnut divides England into four earldoms: Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212758#England", "title": "1017", "revid": 1342212758, "section": "Events › England"}}, {"year": 1026, "year_label": "1026 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Tostig Godwinson, earl of Northumbria (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590752#Births", "title": "1026", "revid": 1365590752, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1035, "year_label": "1035 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – King Cnut the Great dies at Shaftesbury, leaving the rule of England in dispute between his sons Harthacnut and Harold Harefoot. The earls of Northumbria and Mercia support Harold's claim, while Godwin (Earl of Wessex) supports Harthacnut. Harold is elected as regent (or joint ruler) of England. Cnut is buried in the Old Minster, in Winchester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362167727#England", "title": "1035", "revid": 1362167727, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Siward, earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland, to support King Malcolm III against Macbeth, who has usurped the Scottish throne from Malcolm's father, Duncan I. Macbeth is defeated at Dunsinane.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Scotland", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Events › By place › Scotland"}}, {"year": 1055, "year_label": "1055 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Edward the Confessor gives Tostig Godwinson (upon the death of Earl Siward) the important position as earl of Northumbria and the difficult mission of bringing the northern state under control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301978694#England", "title": "1055", "revid": 1301978694, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1055, "year_label": "1055 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Siward (or Sigurd), earl of Northumbria", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301978694#Deaths", "title": "1055", "revid": 1301978694, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1076, "year_label": "1076 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Waltheof, earl of Northumbria (executed)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362789427#Deaths", "title": "1076", "revid": 1362789427, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Walcher, bishop of Durham, is killed by rebel Northumbrians. King William the Conqueror sends a punitive expedition led by his half-brother Odo of Bayeux to pacify Northumbria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Britain", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Northumbria is divided by King William II into the counties of Northumberland, County Palatine of Durham, Yorkshire, Westmorland and Lancashire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#England", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}]}