{"slug": "kingdom-of-norway-8721397", "label": "Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway_%28872%E2%80%931397%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2196956", "qid": "Q2196956", "description": "former Kingdom from 872 to 1397", "entries": 74, "years": 63, "span": [872, 1327], "span_label": ["872 CE", "1327 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 26}, {"title": "Births", "count": 25}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "harald-hardrada", "label": "Harald Hardrada", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sweyn-ii-of-denmark", "label": "Sweyn II of Denmark", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iceland", "label": "Iceland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "oslo", "label": "Oslo", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "trondheim", "label": "Trondheim", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bergen", "label": "Bergen", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "varangian-guard", "label": "Varangian Guard", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sweyn-forkbeard", "label": "Sweyn Forkbeard", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 872, "year_label": "872 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "18 July (traditional date) – Battle of Hafrsfjord: Norse chieftain Harald Fairhair wins a great naval victory at Hafrsfjord, outside Stavanger. He becomes (at age 18) the first king of Norway. Harald's conquests and taxation system lead many Viking chiefs and their followers to emigrate to the British Isles, and (later) to Iceland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267071842#Europe", "title": "872", "revid": 1267071842, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 920, "year_label": "920 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Haakon I, king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205100#Births", "title": "920", "revid": 1349205100, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 931, "year_label": "931 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Harald Fairhair of Norway dies after a 59-year reign as the Scandinavian nation's first ruler. He divides the kingdom among his many sons (about 25 years ago) to bring peace. Unable to travel through the country - and perform his royal duties, Harald hands over power to his favorite son Eric Bloodaxe, who allegedly kills at least two of his brothers to gain the Norwegian throne that he will hold (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917472#Europe", "title": "931", "revid": 1364917472, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 934, "year_label": "934 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Haakon I (\"the Good\"), a son of the late King Harald Fairhair, once again reunites the kingdom after he has deposed his half-brother Eric Bloodaxe. Haakon is installed as king of Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512094#Europe", "title": "934", "revid": 1341512094, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 961, "year_label": "961 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Haakon the Good, king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512994#Deaths", "title": "961", "revid": 1341512994, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 963, "year_label": "963 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark and Norway (d. 1014)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272224#Births", "title": "963", "revid": 1365272224, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Olaf Tryggvason flees Norway with his mother, only to be attacked by Estonian Vikings (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Europe", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 978, "year_label": "978 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Vladimir I (the Great), grand prince of Kiev, returns from Norway with a Varangian mercenary army and re-captures Novgorod. On his way to Kiev, he marches against the forces of his brother Yaropolk I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272344#Europe", "title": "978", "revid": 1365272344, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1008, "year_label": "1008 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Olaf Haraldsson, future king of Norway, makes raids in the Baltic Sea. He lands on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, wins a battle there, and forces the inhabitants to pay tribute.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910052#Europe", "title": "1008", "revid": 1341910052, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1042, "year_label": "1042 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Harald Hardrada, leader of the Varangian Guard in the Byzantine Empire, returns to Norway, possibly because of his involvement in Maniakes' revolt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350130047#Europe", "title": "1042", "revid": 1350130047, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – Harald Hardrada becomes sole king of Norway on the death of his nephew and co-regent Magnus I (\"the Good\"). The crown of Denmark passes to Sweyn II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Europe", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – Magnus the Good, king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Deaths", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1048, "year_label": "1048 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The city of Oslo is founded by King Harald Hardrada of Norway (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129783#Europe", "title": "1048", "revid": 1350129783, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1048, "year_label": "1048 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus II (Haraldsson), king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129783#Births", "title": "1048", "revid": 1350129783, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hedeby in Jutland is sacked by King Harald Hardrada of Norway, during the course of a conflict with Sweyn II of Denmark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Europe", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Olaf III (\"the Peaceful\"), king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Births", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1052, "year_label": "1052 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Emma of Normandy, queen consort of England (twice), Denmark and Norway (b. 984)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350127696#Deaths", "title": "1052", "revid": 1350127696, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1064, "year_label": "1064 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Kings Harald Hardrada of Norway and Sweyn II of Denmark agree to a peace agreement. Harald turns his attentions to England where he believes he has a right to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558075#Europe", "title": "1064", "revid": 1369558075, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1066, "year_label": "1066 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Harald Hardrada of Norway lands on the beaches of Scarborough, North Yorkshire and begins his invasion of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370249569#England_and_Scotland", "title": "1066", "revid": 1370249569, "section": "Events › Europe › England and Scotland"}}, {"year": 1067, "year_label": "1067 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Olaf III returns to Norway with the remaining troops from the Battle of Stamford Bridge. He is proclaimed king and co-ruler with his older brother Magnus II (Haraldsson).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260536#Europe", "title": "1067", "revid": 1365260536, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Haakon Magnusson (Toresfostre), king of Norway (d. 1095)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Births", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1069, "year_label": "1069 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – Magnus II (Haraldsson), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243049384#Deaths", "title": "1069", "revid": 1243049384, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1073, "year_label": "1073 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway (d. 1103)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270579#Births", "title": "1073", "revid": 1365270579, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sigurd the Crusader, king of Norway (d. 1130)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#Births", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1093, "year_label": "1093 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – King Olaf III of Norway (\"the Peaceful\") dies after a 26-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Magnus Barefoot who is proclaimed ruler of Norway at the Borgarting (or the Thing), an assembly of lawspeakers, in the region of Viken.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291997155#Europe", "title": "1093", "revid": 1291997155, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1093, "year_label": "1093 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Olaf III \"the Peaceful\", king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291997155#Deaths", "title": "1093", "revid": 1291997155, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1098, "year_label": "1098 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Edgar of Scotland signs a treaty with Magnus III in which he agrees that the northern territories including the Hebrides belong to Norway. At Dunfermline Abbey, Edgar seeks support from Anselm of Canterbury.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163181#Britain", "title": "1098", "revid": 1362163181, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Olav Magnusson, king of Norway (d. 1115)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#Births", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – King Magnus III is killed in battle with the Ulaid in Ulster. Sigurd Jorsalfare, Øystein Magnusson and Olaf Magnusson succeed him as joint kings of Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Europe", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – Magnus III, king of Norway (b. 1073)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Deaths", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1115, "year_label": "1115 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus IV (\"the Blind\"), king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369310142#Births", "title": "1115", "revid": 1369310142, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1115, "year_label": "1115 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Olav Magnusson, king of Norway (b. 1099)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369310142#Deaths", "title": "1115", "revid": 1369310142, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1118, "year_label": "1118 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Christina of Denmark, queen of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269195#Births", "title": "1118", "revid": 1365269195, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – King Eystein I (Magnusson) dies during a feast at Hustad after a 20-year reign, leaving his brother Sigurd the Crusader to rule over Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#July–September", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Events › By date › July–September"}}, {"year": 1123, "year_label": "1123 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – Eystein I (Magnusson), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532227#Deaths", "title": "1123", "revid": 1366532227, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1125, "year_label": "1125 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Eystein II (Haraldsson), king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270881#Births", "title": "1125", "revid": 1365270881, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1133, "year_label": "1133 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sigurd II (or Sigurd Munn), king of Norway (d. 1155)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156605#Births", "title": "1133", "revid": 1362156605, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus Haraldsson, king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Births", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Inge I (\"the Hunchback\"), king of Norway (d. 1161)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Births", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Harald IV (Servant of Christ), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Deaths", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1145, "year_label": "1145 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Magnus Haraldsson, king of Norway (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362160818#Deaths", "title": "1145", "revid": 1362160818, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Haakon II Sigurdsson, king of Norway (d. 1162)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Births", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1150, "year_label": "1150 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The 15-year-old King Inge I (\"the Hunchback\") of Norway calls for a meeting at Bergen of all religious leaders in anticipation that the English cardinal Nicholas Breakspear will find an archbishopric at Trondheim.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164290#Religion", "title": "1150", "revid": 1362164290, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Archbishopric of Nidaros in the city of Nidaros (modern-day Trondheim) in Norway is established.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#Religion", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Sigurd II, king of Norway (b. 1133)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#Deaths", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1156, "year_label": "1156 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Magnus V Erlingsson, king of Norway (d. 1184)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168074#Births", "title": "1156", "revid": 1362168074, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1161, "year_label": "1161 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Inge I (\"the Hunchback\"), king of Norway (b. 1135)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116018#Deaths", "title": "1161", "revid": 1300116018, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1162, "year_label": "1162 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Haakon II (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (b. 1147)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184511#Deaths", "title": "1162", "revid": 1369184511, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1164, "year_label": "1164 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Olaf II of Norway is canonized as Saint Olaf by Alexander III, making him a universally recognised saint of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164526#Religion", "title": "1164", "revid": 1362164526, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1184, "year_label": "1184 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Battle of Fimreite: King Sverre of Norway defeats and kills his rival, Magnus V (Erlingsson) near Fimreite. Sverre takes the throne and becomes sole ruler of Norway (until 1202).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362173180#Europe", "title": "1184", "revid": 1362173180, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1184, "year_label": "1184 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Magnus V (Erlingsson), king of Norway (b. 1156)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362173180#Deaths", "title": "1184", "revid": 1362173180, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1185, "year_label": "1185 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Inge II (Bårdsson), king of Norway (d. 1217)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362484284#Births", "title": "1185", "revid": 1362484284, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1199, "year_label": "1199 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Guttorm of Norway (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (d. 1204)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187159#Births", "title": "1199", "revid": 1369187159, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1202, "year_label": "1202 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Sverre Sigurdsson (or Sverrir), king of Norway", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187490#Deaths", "title": "1202", "revid": 1369187490, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1208, "year_label": "1208 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Margaret Skulesdatter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1270)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078934#Births", "title": "1208", "revid": 1371078934, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Inge Bårdsson, king of Norway (b. 1185)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Deaths", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June", "text": "June – The 13-year-old Haakon IV becomes king of Norway, following the death of Inge II (Bårdsson) – this largely ends the civil war era in Norway. During his minority, Earl Skule Bårdsson becomes Haakon's regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Europe", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Events › Other events by place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1232, "year_label": "1232 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Haakon the Young, king of Norway (d. 1257)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489153#Births", "title": "1232", "revid": 1367489153, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Magnus VI (\"the Law-mender\"), king of Norway (d. 1280)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Births", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ingeborg Eriksdotter, queen consort of Norway (d. 1287)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Births", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1249, "year_label": "1249 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Second Swedish Crusade: A Swedish expedition led by Birger Jarl subjugates the province of Tavastia – securing Swedish power in Finland. As a part of the Treaty of Lödöse Birger marries off his 11-year-old daughter Rikissa to Haakon the Young, ruler and eldest son of King Haakon IV of Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362150898#Europe", "title": "1249", "revid": 1362150898, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1257, "year_label": "1257 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Haakon the Young, junior king of Norway (b. 1232)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011805#Deaths", "title": "1257", "revid": 1350011805, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1261, "year_label": "1261 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – Margaret of Scotland, queen consort of Norway (d. 1283)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011180#Births", "title": "1261", "revid": 1350011180, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1262, "year_label": "1262 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Icelandic Commonwealth enters into the Old Covenant (Gissurarsáttmáli), establishing a union with Norway, and acknowledges King Haakon IV of Norway (\"the Old\") as its ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275696322#Europe", "title": "1262", "revid": 1275696322, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Magnus VI (\"the Law-mender\") succeeds his father Haakon IV as King of Norway. The chieftains of the eastern part of Iceland become the last to pledge fealty to Magnus, bringing a more complete end to the Icelandic Commonwealth and the Age of the Sturlungs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Europe", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – Haakon IV of Norway (\"the Old\"), king of Norway (b. 1204)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Deaths", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Isabel Bruce, queen consort of Norway (d. 1358)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Births", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway, the Maid of Scotland, queen consort of Norway (b. 1261)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Deaths", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "King Rudolf I imposes a trade embargo on Norway, due to the latter pillaging a German ship. The embargo cuts off vital supplies of grain, flour, vegetables and beer, causing a general famine in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#Europe", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Eric II (Magnusson), king of Norway (b. 1268)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Deaths", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1314, "year_label": "1314 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – King Haakon V of Norway moves his capital from Bergen to Oslo – where he builds Akershus Fortress, from which Norway is ruled for the next 500 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434387#July_–_September", "title": "1314", "revid": 1373434387, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Haakon V Magnusson, king of Norway (b. 1270)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#Deaths", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Blanka of Namur, queen of Norway and Sweden (d.1363)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#Births", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 21", "text": "June 21 – Queen Ingeborg of Norway marries the Danish nobleman Canute Porse the Elder, but is deposed from political power in Norway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#April_–_June", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › April – June"}}]}