{"slug": "kingdom-of-the-lombards", "label": "Kingdom of the Lombards", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854415", "qid": "Q854415", "description": "Germanic successor state to the Western Roman Empire established by the Lombards, a Germanic people, on the Italian Peninsula (568–774)", "entries": 24, "years": 24, "span": [572, 758], "span_label": ["572 CE", "758 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "duchy-of-benevento", "label": "Duchy of Benevento", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "liutprand-king-of-the-lombards", "label": "Liutprand, King of the Lombards", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "exarchate-of-ravenna", "label": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pope-zachary", "label": "Pope Zachary", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "agilulf", "label": "Agilulf", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-spoleto", "label": "Duchy of Spoleto", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "catholicism", "label": "Catholicism", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 572, "year_label": "572 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Pavia (569–572): King Alboin captures Ticinum (Pavia); after a siege the Byzantine garrison surrenders to the Lombards. The city is of strategic importance, lying at the rivers Po and Ticino, and becomes the capital of the Kingdom of the Lombards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801019#Europe", "title": "572", "revid": 1340801019, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 574, "year_label": "574 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Cleph is murdered after an 18-month reign by a guard, a slave who he has mistreated. For the next decade, the Lombard Kingdom is governed by independent duchies (Rule of the Dukes).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204925#Europe", "title": "574", "revid": 1349204925, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 576, "year_label": "576 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Baduarius, son-in-law of the Byzantine emperor Justin II, is sent to Italy to resist the Lombard conquest. He leads an aborted counter-assault against the Lombards and dies soon after.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801569#Europe", "title": "576", "revid": 1340801569, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 588, "year_label": "588 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Lombard Kingdom (Italy) is converted to Roman Catholicism under the rule of King Authari (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753170#Europe", "title": "588", "revid": 1364753170, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 591, "year_label": "591 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Agilulf, cousin of Authari (called \"the Thuringian\"), is raised on the shield (a ceremonial investment) by Lombard warriors in Milan. He becomes king of the Lombards, on advice of the Lombard dukes (dux). Agilulf marries widowed queen Theodelinda and is baptized to please her.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751608#Europe", "title": "591", "revid": 1364751608, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 598, "year_label": "598 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Maurice makes peace with King Agilulf, conceding northern Italy. Pope Gregory I the Great negotiates a truce, ending 30 years of Lombard terror. Agilulf expands the Lombard Kingdom by occupying Sutri and Perugia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751875#Europe", "title": "598", "revid": 1364751875, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 610, "year_label": "610 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Avars invade the Duchy of Friuli, an important buffer between the Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy and the Slavs. During the fighting Gisulf II dies and his duchy is overrun (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795500#Europe", "title": "610", "revid": 1368795500, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 616, "year_label": "616 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Adaloald, age 14, succeeds his father Agilulf as Lombard king of Italy. He reigns under his mother Theodelinda as regent. The Lombard Kingdom gradually begins to convert to Catholicism, and establishes peace with the Exarchate of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636041#Europe", "title": "616", "revid": 1367636041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 662, "year_label": "662 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Godepert makes war against his brother Perctarit. He seeks the aid of Grimoald I, duke of Benevento, who has him assassinated; his son Raginpert escapes. Grimoald usurps the throne and becomes ruler of the Lombard Kingdom. Perctarit is exiled, and seeks refuge in Gaul and Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805159#Europe", "title": "662", "revid": 1340805159, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 671, "year_label": "671 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Perctarit returns to Lombardy from exile and reclaims his realm, which is being ruled on behalf of Garibald, since his father King Grimoald I died. He deposes the young king, and becomes the new ruler of the Lombard Kingdom in Italy. During his reign Perctarit makes Catholicism the official religion, but does not recognize papal authority. Grimoald is buried in the St. Ambrogio Church (Milan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805234#Europe", "title": "671", "revid": 1340805234, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Perctarit makes his son Cunipert co-ruler of the Lombard Kingdom. He signs a formal peace treaty with Constantine IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Europe", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 688, "year_label": "688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Perctarit of the Lombards is assassinated by a conspiracy, after a 17-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Cunipert, who is crowned ruler of the Lombard Kingdom in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806290#Europe", "title": "688", "revid": 1340806290, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 701, "year_label": "701 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Raginpert dies, and King Liutpert (succeeded and deposed in 700) returns to the throne of the Lombards. Raginpert's son Aripert captures Liutpert at his capital in Pavia, and will have him strangled in his bath. Aripert becomes new ruler of the Lombard Kingdom in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806807#Europe", "title": "701", "revid": 1340806807, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand takes advantage of the anti-imperial turmoil. He conquers Bologna and other cities beyond the Po River (Northern Italy). The Lombards take \"Classis\", the strategic seaport of Ravenna, and overrun the Pentapolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Europe", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 730, "year_label": "730 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand contracts an alliance with Eutychius, exarch of Ravenna, and agrees to support him in his attack on Rome, while subjugating the independent southern Lombard duchies of Benevento and Spoleto.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808684#Europe", "title": "730", "revid": 1340808684, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 742, "year_label": "742 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand of the Lombards meets Pope Zachary at Terni (Central Italy), who appeals to the king's religious faith. Liutprand is a pious Catholic and signs a 20-year peace treaty, restoring the cities of the Duchy of Rome which he has captured. The independent Lombard duchies of Spoleto and Benevento absorb into the Lombard Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809740#Europe", "title": "742", "revid": 1340809740, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 744, "year_label": "744 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February", "text": "February – King Liutprand of the Lombards dies of natural causes after a 32-year reign, in which he has defeated the dukes of Spoleto and Benevento, bringing the Lombard Kingdom to the height of her power. He is succeeded by Hildeprand, called \"the Useless\" (nephew or grandson of Liutprand), as ruler of the Lombards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305046877#Europe", "title": "744", "revid": 1305046877, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 746, "year_label": "746 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Ratchis codifies the Lombard laws, promulgated in Latin, and advised by his council and the Lombard army (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809747#Europe", "title": "746", "revid": 1340809747, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 749, "year_label": "749 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Ratchis of the Lombards besieges Perugia, but is convinced to lift the siege by Pope Zachary. His decision to lift the siege of Perugia undermines his authority among the Lombard nobility, and ultimately results in the nobility deposing him at a council in Milan. King Ratchis is forced to retire with his family to the monastery at Monte Cassino.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938976#Europe", "title": "749", "revid": 1365938976, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 751, "year_label": "751 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Aistulf of the Lombards captures Ravenna and the Romagna, ending the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna. The last exarch Eutychius is killed by the Lombards. Aistulf threatens Rome, claiming a capitation tax. Pope Zachary, alarmed, appeals for aid from the Byzantine Empire, but his request is declined.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809785#Europe", "title": "751", "revid": 1340809785, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 752, "year_label": "752 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June", "text": "June – Stephen II recognizes the Carolingian dynasty as legitimate rulers of the Frankish Kingdom. He travels to Paris and appeals for Frankish support against the Lombards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809787#Religion", "title": "752", "revid": 1340809787, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 753, "year_label": "753 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Grifo, Frankish duke and illegitimate son of Charles Martel, rebels against King Pepin III (\"the Short\") (his half-brother), in alliance with the Bretons. He flees to Italy to join King Aistulf of the Lombards, but is caught and killed while passing the Alps.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809798#Europe", "title": "753", "revid": 1340809798, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July", "text": "July – Stephen II anoints Pepin's sons, Charles (later known as Charlemagne) and Carloman, consecrating them as patricians. At Quierzy he proclaims the Carolingian dynasty holy, and appeals for help against the Lombards. Finally, the Frankish nobles give their consent to a campaign in Lombardy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Europe", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 758, "year_label": "758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Duke Liutprand of Benevento attains majority, and rebels against Lombard rule. King Desiderius defeats him, and grants his duchy to Arechis II (son of Liutprand). He marries Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, and establishes friendly (but largely independent) relations with the Lombard Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654492#Europe", "title": "758", "revid": 1366654492, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}