{"slug": "kuwait", "label": "Kuwait", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817", "qid": "Q817", "description": "sovereign state in Western Asia", "entries": 12, "years": 11, "span": [633, 1999], "span_label": ["633 CE", "1999 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ba-athist-iraq", "label": "Ba'athist Iraq", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "saudi-arabia", "label": "Saudi Arabia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-nations-security-council", "label": "United Nations Security Council", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khalid-ibn-al-walid", "label": "Khalid Ibn Al-Walid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "baghdad", "label": "Baghdad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thailand", "label": "Thailand", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bangkok", "label": "Bangkok", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 633, "year_label": "633 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Battle of Chains (Kuwait) and Battle of River (Iraq): A Muslim army (18,000 men) under Khalid ibn al-Walid invades Mesopotamia, and wins decisive victories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351044118#Arabia", "title": "633", "revid": 1351044118, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Mubarak Al-Sabah, the emir of Kuwait, signs the Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899, a secret treaty with the British Empire to accept protectorate status for the Middle Eastern sheikdom in return for British protection of Kuwaiti territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#January", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#September", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Iraqi president Abd al-Karim Qasim announces his intention to annex newly independent Kuwait (such an annexation will occur in 1990).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#June", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – In Riyadh, the Gulf Cooperation Council is created among Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#May", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Kuwait Airways Flight 422 is hijacked while en route from Bangkok, Thailand, to Kuwait. The hijackers demand the release of 17 Shiite Muslim prisoners held by Kuwait. Kuwait refuses to release the prisoners, leading to a 16-day siege across 3 continents. Two passengers are killed before the siege ends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#April", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Gulf War: With United Nations Security Council Resolution 661 the United Nations Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to its invasion of Kuwait.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#August", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Gulf War: The United Nations Security Council passes UN Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing military intervention in Iraq if that state does not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15, 1991.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#November", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Gulf War: The 102nd U.S. Congress passes a resolution authorizing the use of military force to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#January", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM inspectors to use its own aircraft to fly into Iraq and begins military operations in the demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait, and the northern Iraqi no-fly zones. U.S. forces fire approximately 40 Tomahawk cruise missiles at Baghdad factories linked to Iraq's illegal nuclear weapons program (→ January 1993 airstrikes on Iraq). Iraq then informs UNSCOM that it will be able to resume its flights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#January", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Iraq formally rescinds its claims over Kuwait, which it has claimed as a province since 1990 and had administered under military occupation until 1991 when it was ejected by an international coalition during the Persian Gulf War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#November", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – The National Assembly of Kuwait revokes a 1985 law that granted women's suffrage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#November", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › November"}}]}