{"slug": "legio-ix-hispana", "label": "Legio IX Hispana", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio_IX_Hispana", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136315", "qid": "Q1136315", "description": "Roman legion", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-57, 161], "span_label": ["58 BCE", "161 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-legion", "label": "Roman legion", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "celtic-britons", "label": "Celtic Britons", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "london-bridge", "label": "London Bridge", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "st-albans", "label": "St Albans", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "firth-of-forth", "label": "Firth of Forth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gnaeus-julius-agricola", "label": "Gnaeus Julius Agricola", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "caledonians", "label": "Caledonians", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "legio-x-fretensis", "label": "Legio X Fretensis", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "parthian-empire", "label": "Parthian Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -57, "year_label": "58 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Julius Caesar becomes a provincial governor (proconsul) and leads a Roman army (6 Roman legions; Legio VII, Legio VIII, Legio IX, Legio X, and newly levied Legio XI and Legio XII) into Gaul. He deploys auxiliaries as part of this army, including Balearic slingers, Numidian and Cretan archers, and Celtic/Gallic cavalry (such as the allied Aedui).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364740578#Roman_Republic", "title": "58 BC", "revid": 1364740578, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 60, "year_label": "60 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Boudica leads a rebellion of the Iceni against Roman rule in alliance with the Trinovantes, Cornovii, Durotriges and Celtic Britons. The Iceni and Trinovantes first destroy the Roman capital Camulodunum (Colchester), wipe out the infantry of the Legio IX Hispana (commanded by Quintus Petillius Cerialis) and go on to burn Londinium (London) (probably destroying London Bridge) and Verulamium (St Albans), in all cases massacring the inhabitants by the thousands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372200754#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 60", "revid": 1372200754, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 61, "year_label": "61 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Boudica leads a rebellion of the Iceni against Roman rule in alliance with the Trinovantes, Cornovii, Durotriges and Celtic Britons. The Iceni and Trinovantes first destroy the Roman capital Camulodunum (Colchester), wipe out the infantry of the Legio IX Hispana (commanded by Quintus Petillius Cerialis) and go on to burn Londinium (London) (probably destroying London Bridge) and Verulamium (St Albans), in all cases massacring the inhabitants in their thousands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752182#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 61", "revid": 1364752182, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 71, "year_label": "71 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Romans establish a fortress at York (Eboracum), as a base for their northern forces. Initially established solely for Legio IX Hispana, it expands later to include public housing, baths and temples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185937#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 71", "revid": 1371185937, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 82, "year_label": "82 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gnaeus Julius Agricola raises a fleet, and encircles the Celtic tribes beyond the Forth; the Caledonians rise in great numbers against the Romans. They attack the camp of Legio IX Hispana at night, but Agricola sends his cavalry in, and puts them to flight.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185605#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 82", "revid": 1371185605, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 119, "year_label": "119 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Hadrian stations Legio VI Victrix in Roman Britain, to assist in quelling the resistance of a local rebellion. The legion is key in securing the victory, and eventually replaces Legio IX Hispana at Eboracum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330326648#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 119", "revid": 1330326648, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 120, "year_label": "120 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Legio IX Hispana last known to be in existence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371191850#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 120", "revid": 1371191850, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 161, "year_label": "161 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Parthians invade Armenia, and install their own candidate on the throne. A legion (perhaps Legio IX Hispana) is destroyed at Elegeia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371301434#Parthian_Empire", "title": "AD 161", "revid": 1371301434, "section": "Events › By place › Parthian Empire"}}]}