{"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37", "qid": "Q37", "description": "country in northeastern Europe", "entries": 50, "years": 47, "span": [1236, 2023], "span_label": ["1236 CE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 11}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "latvia", "label": "Latvia", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "poland", "label": "Poland", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "jogaila", "label": "Jogaila", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "teutonic-knights", "label": "Teutonic Knights", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "slovenia", "label": "Slovenia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "vilnius", "label": "Vilnius", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "romania", "label": "Romania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "slovakia", "label": "Slovakia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "malta", "label": "Malta", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Battle of Saule: The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword at Šiauliai in Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Europe", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1252, "year_label": "1252 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Lithuanian city of Klaipėda (Memel) is founded by the Teutonic Knights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365269919#Europe", "title": "1252", "revid": 1365269919, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1253, "year_label": "1253 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Mindaugas and his wife Morta are crowned as king and queen of Lithuania, ruling between 300,000 and 400,000 subjects.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362664638#Europe", "title": "1253", "revid": 1362664638, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Nogai Khan leads the second Mongol Golden Horde attack against Lithuania, and Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Europe", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1262, "year_label": "1262 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Mindaugas of Lithuania perhaps renounces Christianity, returning to the country's pagan roots, and reverting to Grand Duke.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275696322#Europe", "title": "1262", "revid": 1275696322, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania (House of Gediminids) (d. 1382)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#Births", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Vilnius, now the capital of Lithuania is first mentioned as a city, when the second of the Letters of Grand Duke Gediminas of the Duchy of Lithuania are sent to German cities inviting German Jews and other Germans to resettle in the city of \"Vilna\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#January_–_March", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1330, "year_label": "1330 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Vilnius, Lithuania receives its coat-of-arms, granted to the city in the seventh year of its existence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350440644#January–December", "title": "1330", "revid": 1350440644, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1336, "year_label": "1336 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Rather than be taken captive by the Teutonic Knights, 4,000 defenders of Pilėnai, Lithuania commit mass suicide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367230650#Events", "title": "1336", "revid": 1367230650, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Moscow attacks Tver, which counter-attacks with the aid of Lithuania and the Blue Horde.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#Date_unknown", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – At the Battle of Kulikovo, Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow resist a large invasion, led by Mamai Khan, commander of the Blue Horde of Lithuania and Ryazan, stopping their advance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#July–September", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Kęstutis overthrows his nephew, Jogaila, as Grand Duke of Lithuania. Jogaila is allowed to remain as governor of eastern Lithuania. This marks the beginning of the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#July–September", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1383, "year_label": "1383 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Teutonic Knights recommence war against pagan Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411139#Date_unknown", "title": "1383", "revid": 1360411139, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1385, "year_label": "1385 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – The Union of Krewo establishes the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland and Lithuania, through the proposed marriage of Queen regnant Jadwiga of Poland and Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania, and sees the acceptance of Roman Catholicism by the Lithuanian elite, and an end to the Greater Poland Civil War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362439687#July–September", "title": "1385", "revid": 1362439687, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1389, "year_label": "1389 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Lithuania, the last state in Europe to be Christianized, is given full recognition by Pope Urban VI as a Roman Catholic state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559797#April–June", "title": "1389", "revid": 1360559797, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Vytautas the Great, claimant to the throne of Lithuania, forges an alliance with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as his daughter, Sophia marries Vasily, Grand Prince of Muscovy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#January–March", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – King Jogaila of Poland and Lithuania appoints his cousin Vytautas the Great as regent of Lithuania, in return for Vytautas giving up his claim to the Lithuanian throne. Vytautas replaces Jogaila's unpopular brother Skirgaila as regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#July–September", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – The Teutonic Knights resume their attack on Lithuania as a fleet of 84 ships, 4,000 men and 400 horses departs from Danzig toward Gotland, and arrive on March 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#January–March", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – At the Battle of the Vorskla River, Golden Horde forces, led by Mongol Khan Temür Qutlugh and Emir Edigu, annihilate a crusading army led by former Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh, and Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania..", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#July–September", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1401, "year_label": "1401 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – The Samogitians, supported by Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, rebel against the Teutonic knights and burn two castles. Vytautas is granted increased autonomy by King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347806355#January–March", "title": "1401", "revid": 1347806355, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania Union answers the rumblings against his rule of Poland, by marrying Anna of Celje, a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#January–March", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – The second Samogitian Uprising begins in modern-day Lithuania against the Teutonic Knights who had been granted the rights to the Duchy of Samogita by the Peace of Raciążek in 1402.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#April–June", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1418, "year_label": "1418 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Švitrigaila of Lithuania, son of the late Grand Duke Algirdas, is freed after nine years imprisonment at Lithuania's Kremenets Castle after a group of 500 soldiers, led by Dashko Ostrogski, storm the castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357024356#January–March", "title": "1418", "revid": 1357024356, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – The Livonian Confederation, with a capital at Valka (now on the border of Latvia and Lithuania) is formed by an agreement signed at Valka by the Archbishop of Riga; Courland; the Dorpat; the Ösel–Wiek and bishops of Courland, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek and Reval; the representatives of the Livonian Order and its vassals; and the deputies of Riga, Reval and Dorpat city municipal councils.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#October–December", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1504, "year_label": "1504 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Sheikh Ahmed, the final leader of the Great Horde, is last heard of as a Lithuanian prisoner at Vilnius until 1527 when he was released, after which he came to rule over the Astrakhan Khanate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936803#Date_unknown", "title": "1504", "revid": 1365936803, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Polish and Lithuanian nobles elect Sigismund III Vasa, King of Sweden, as the ruler of the after the death in December of the previous King of Poland and Duke of Lithuania, Stephen Báthory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#July–September", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1673, "year_label": "1673 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – Battle of Khotyn: Polish and Lithuanian military units, under the command of soon-to-be-king Jan Sobieski, defeat the Turkish army. In this battle, which takes place one day after the death of Poland and Lithuania's monarch, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, the rockets invented by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992268#October–December", "title": "1673", "revid": 1365992268, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from Russian occupation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1920, "year_label": "1920 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic recognizes independent Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369258210#July", "title": "1920", "revid": 1369258210, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1923, "year_label": "1923 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367772921#January–February", "title": "1923", "revid": 1367772921, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1924, "year_label": "1924 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Lithuania signs the Klaipėda Convention with the nations of the Conference of Ambassadors, taking the Klaipėda Region from East Prussia and making it into an autonomous region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372136634#May", "title": "1924", "revid": 1372136634, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – 1926 Lithuanian coup d'état: A democratically elected government is overthrown in Lithuania; Antanas Smetona assumes power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#December", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1929, "year_label": "1929 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – A coup ousts Augustinas Voldemaras from his prime minister position in Lithuania; he is replaced by the brother-in-law of President Antanas Smetona, Juozas Tūbelis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372436446#September", "title": "1929", "revid": 1372436446, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Poland presents an ultimatum to Lithuania, to establish normal diplomatic relations that were severed over the Vilnius Region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#March", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact is signed between Germany and the Soviet Union, a neutrality treaty that also agrees to division of spheres of influence (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, eastern Poland and Bessarabia (modern-day Moldova), north-east province of Romania to the Soviet Union; Lithuania and western Poland to Germany). Its annex reassigns Lithuania to the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#August", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – June deportation: Soviet officials deport about 65,000 people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to Siberia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#June", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Operation Priboi: An extensive deportation campaign begins in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Soviet authorities deport more than 92,000 people from the Baltic states to remote areas of the Soviet Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#March", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Singing Revolution: Two million indigenous people of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania join hands to demand freedom and independence from Soviet occupation, forming an uninterrupted 600 km human chain called the Baltic Way.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#August", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Singing Revolution: Soviet Special Purpose Police Unit forces (OMON) kill seven Lithuanian customs officials in Medininkai, the deadliest of the Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#July", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – The leaders of the Baltic States—Arnold Rüütel of Estonia, Anatolijs Gorbunovs of Latvia, and the Vytautas Landsbergis of Lithuania—sign the OSCE Final Act in Helsinki, Finland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#October", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Lithuania introduces a new temporary currency, the talonas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#May", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – Lithuania holds a referendum on its first constitution after declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1990.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#October", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – The litas is introduced as the new currency of Lithuania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#June", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – Bražuolė bridge bombing in Lithuania damages a railway bridge but trains are stopped in time to avoid casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#November", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The Treaty of Accession is signed in Athens between the European Union and ten countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia), concerning these countries' accession into the EU, leading to the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#April", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – Lithuania approves joining the European Union in a referendum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#May", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia are admitted to NATO, the largest expansion of the organization.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#March", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia join the Schengen border-free zone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#December", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes the 19th Eurozone country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#January", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Croatia adopts the euro and joins the Schengen Area, becoming the 20th member state of the Eurozone and the 27th member of the Schengen Area. This is the first enlargement of the Eurozone since Lithuania's entry in 2015, and the first enlargement of the Schengen Area since Liechtenstein's entry in 2011.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#January", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › January"}}]}