{"slug": "livonian-order", "label": "Livonian Order", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_Order", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29140", "qid": "Q29140", "description": "autonomous branch of knights of the Teutonic Order active 1237 to 1561", "entries": 15, "years": 14, "span": [1237, 1561], "span_label": ["1237 CE", "1561 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "saaremaa", "label": "Saaremaa", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "livonian-crusade", "label": "Livonian Crusade", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "teutonic-order", "label": "Teutonic Order", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "estonians", "label": "Estonians", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "baltic-sea", "label": "Baltic Sea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "livonian-brothers-of-the-sword", "label": "Livonian Brothers of the Sword", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vladimir-suzdal", "label": "Vladimir-Suzdal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexander-nevsky", "label": "Alexander Nevsky", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1237, "year_label": "1237 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Livonian Crusade: The Livonian Brothers of the Sword are absorbed into the Teutonic Order, as the autonomous Livonian Order. An Estonian rebellion begins on Saaremaa Island (located in the Baltic Sea).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300110077#Europe", "title": "1237", "revid": 1300110077, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1238, "year_label": "1238 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Treaty of Stensby: The Teutonic Knights sign an agreement with King Valdemar II of Denmark (\"the Conqueror\"). William of Modena, Italian papal diplomat, meets Grand Master Hermann Balk and Valdemar on a Danish island, settling outstanding disputes with Denmark. The Livonian Brothers of the Sword are merged into the Teutonic Order as an autonomous branch and become known as the Livonian Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337076438#Europe", "title": "1238", "revid": 1337076438, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "1240–1241 Votia campaign begins when an alliance of the Livonian Order, the Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek and Estonians Chud march into Votia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Europe", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – 1240 Izborsk and Pskov campaign: An alliance of the Livonian Order, the Bishopric of Dorpat and the pretender-prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich of Pskov besiege and conquer the border fortress of Izborsk in the Pskov Land. After Pskovian defenders fail to retake the town, the allied forces advance to the capital Pskov itself, compelling it to surrender, resulting in the brief overthrow of the pro-Suzdalian faction that supports prince Alexander Nevsky.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Europe", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1241, "year_label": "1241 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362486166#Events", "title": "1241", "revid": 1362486166, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1260, "year_label": "1260 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Livonian Crusade: The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania decisively defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Durbe. This leads the Estonians of Saaremaa Island to once again rebel against the Livonian Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366894029#Europe", "title": "1260", "revid": 1366894029, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1268, "year_label": "1268 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Battle of Rakvere: The Livonian Order is defeated by Dovmont of Pskov.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318265867#War_and_politics", "title": "1268", "revid": 1318265867, "section": "Events › By topic › War and politics"}}, {"year": 1270, "year_label": "1270 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Livonian Crusade - Battle of Karuse: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order decisively, on the frozen surface of the Baltic Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480805#Europe", "title": "1270", "revid": 1362480805, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1279, "year_label": "1279 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Battle of Aizkraukle: Lithuanian forces led by Grand Duke Traidenis defeat an army of Teutonic Knights of the Livonian Order at Aizkraukle. During the battle, the order suffers a great defeat, some 70 knights are killed, including Grand Master Ernst von Ratzeburg (or Rassburg). The Semigallians, allies of the Livonian Order, revolt but later submit to Traidenis for protection.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487704#Europe", "title": "1279", "revid": 1362487704, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – Battle of Turaida: Forces of the Livonian Order are decisively defeated near Turaida Castle by the residents of Riga, allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Vytenis. After their defeat, the Livonians receive reinforcements from the Teutonic Order and defeat the residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermühlen, on June 28. The knights proceed with their campaign, and besiege and capture Riga. In response, King Eric VI of Denmark (\"Menved\") threatens to invade Livonia, but a truce is reached and the conflict is mediated by Pope Boniface VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Europe", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1343, "year_label": "1343 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – St. George's Night Uprising: The \"Four Estonian kings\" are murdered, at the negotiations with the Livonian Order.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303137540#January–December", "title": "1343", "revid": 1303137540, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1344, "year_label": "1344 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – The St. George's Night Uprising: The Livonian Order hangs Vesse, the rebel Estonian Elder of Saaremaa Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555127#January–December", "title": "1344", "revid": 1292555127, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – The Livonian Confederation, with a capital at Valka (now on the border of Latvia and Lithuania) is formed by an agreement signed at Valka by the Archbishop of Riga; Courland; the Dorpat; the Ösel–Wiek and bishops of Courland, Dorpat, Ösel-Wiek and Reval; the representatives of the Livonian Order and its vassals; and the deputies of Riga, Reval and Dorpat city municipal councils.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#October–December", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Battle of the Siritsa River: The Livonian Order, supporting the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War, and commanded by Wolter von Plettenberg, defeats an army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and Pskov Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#July–September", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The nobility of Harrien-Wierland and the town of Reval (on June 6) of the Livonian Order swear allegiance to Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#April–June", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}