{"slug": "llywelyn-ab-iorwerth", "label": "Llywelyn ab Iorwerth", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_ab_Iorwerth", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467685", "qid": "Q467685", "description": "Prince of Gwynedd from 1199 to 1240", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [1173, 1240], "span_label": ["1173 CE", "1240 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Llywelyn the Great"], "related": [{"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-gwynedd", "label": "Kingdom of Gwynedd", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-england", "label": "Henry III of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "john-king-of-england", "label": "John, King of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "homage-feudal", "label": "Homage (feudal)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "earl-of-chester", "label": "Earl of Chester", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hubert-de-burgh-earl-of-kent", "label": "Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "august", "label": "August", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "earl-of-pembroke", "label": "Earl of Pembroke", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (\"the Great\"), Welsh king of Gwynedd (d. 1240)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Births", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Llywelyn the Great pays homage to John, King of England after Llywelyn has added Eifionydd and Llŷn to his kingdom of Gwynedd in north Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#British_Isles", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1211, "year_label": "1211 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – John, King of England (\"Lackland\") campaigns in Wales against Llywelyn the Great, prince of Gwynedd. In July, after the Welsh uprising, John and Llywelyn reach an agreement and a peace treaty is signed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360876354#Britain", "title": "1211", "revid": 1360876354, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1218, "year_label": "1218 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Treaty of Worcester: King Henry III writes to the Welsh ruler Llywelyn the Great and promises safe-conduct if they meet at Worcester. A peace treaty is signed, which confirms Llywelyn's ownership of Wales. In return, Llywelyn agrees to pay homage to Henry and to return those castles that he has captured during his recent conquests.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347207200#Britain", "title": "1218", "revid": 1347207200, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1220, "year_label": "1220 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Llywelyn the Great, Welsh prince of Gwynedd, begins raiding Pembrokeshire to retake land that he accuses William Marshal (the Younger) of stealing. This also includes Wiston Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360552842#United_Kingdom", "title": "1220", "revid": 1360552842, "section": "Events › By place › United Kingdom"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – At Montgomery in Wales, King Henry III of England reaches a peaceful settlement with Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, the powerful ruler of the semi-independent Principality of Gwynedd, following a mediation by Ranulf de Blondeville, the Earl of Chester.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#October–December", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1231, "year_label": "1231 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent becomes a powerful lord in the Welsh Marches, controlling the castles at Cardigan and Carmarthen. He begins to threaten the local Welsh leaders, Llywelyn the Great launches a campaign against Norman lordship in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488978#Britain", "title": "1231", "revid": 1367488978, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1233, "year_label": "1233 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, signs an alliance with Llywelyn the Great, to join forces to revolt against King Henry III. Richard is faced by demands from royal bailiffs in September – where the garrison of Usk Castle is forced to surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489040#England", "title": "1233", "revid": 1367489040, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Llywelyn the Great, Welsh king of Gwynedd", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Deaths", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Deaths"}}]}