{"slug": "loire", "label": "Loire", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loire", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469", "qid": "Q1469", "description": "longest river in France", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [418, 1931], "span_label": ["418 CE", "1931 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "gaul", "label": "Gaul", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "neustria", "label": "Neustria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-martel", "label": "Charles Martel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aquitaine", "label": "Aquitaine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-the-bald", "label": "Charles the Bald", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seine", "label": "Seine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-brittany", "label": "Duchy of Brittany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 418, "year_label": "418 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Honorius bribes Wallia, king of the Visigoths, into regaining Hispania for the Roman Empire. His victory over the Vandals in 416 forces them to retire to Baetica. The Visigothic territory in Gaul now extends from the Garonne to the Loire, and becomes known as the Visigothic Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353837472#Roman_Empire", "title": "418", "revid": 1353837472, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 486, "year_label": "486 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Franco-Roman War of 486 – Battle of Soissons (Gaul): Frankish forces under King Clovis I defeat the Roman army of Syagrius. Roman rule under Syagrius ends. The land between the Somme and the Loire becomes a part of the Frankish Empire. Syagrius flees to the Visigoths (under King Alaric II), but Clovis threatens war, and he is handed over for execution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340789363#Europe", "title": "486", "revid": 1340789363, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 718, "year_label": "718 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Soissons: King Chilperic II of Neustria and his mayor of the palace Ragenfrid, allied with Eudes, independent duke of Aquitaine, march on Soissons in Picardy (northern France) but an army of Frankish veterans under Charles Martel defeat the Neustrian allies, who sue for peace. Chilperic flees to the land south of the River Loire and Ragenfrid escapes to Angers. Charles diplomatically chooses not to execute the enemy leaders, and becomes undisputed dux Francorum, ending the Frankish civil war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367661186#Western_Europe", "title": "718", "revid": 1367661186, "section": "Events › By place › Western Europe"}}, {"year": 731, "year_label": "731 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Charles Martel leads two raids across the Loire River into the Berry region. The Franks seize and plunder Bourges (central France), but the city is immediately recaptured by Eudes of Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358697487#Europe", "title": "731", "revid": 1358697487, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 732, "year_label": "732 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September", "text": "September – Charles Martel leads his Frankish army (30,000 men) to Orléans and crosses the Loire River, probably accompanied by Eudes of Aquitaine, with his remaining troops. He makes camp near Tours, probably at Ballan-Miré south-west of the fortress city, in order to protect the abbey of Saint Martin. Charles defeats or forces back Umayyad scouts or an advance guard, between the rivers Indre and Creuse. Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi pulls back to establish a position at the Vienne River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808703#Europe", "title": "732", "revid": 1340808703, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 735, "year_label": "735 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Charles Martel, Merovingian mayor of the palace, invades Burgundy. Duke Hunald I of Aquitaine refuses to recognise the authority of the Franks, whereupon Charles marches south of the River Loire, seizing the cities of Bordeaux and Blaye. Within 4 years he will have subdued all the Burgundian chieftains, while continuing to fight off Moorish advances into Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809672#Europe", "title": "735", "revid": 1340809672, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Civil War: King Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne, invades Swabia. His nephew, Pepin II of Aquitaine, and his Gascon subjects, conquer territory all the way to the Loire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Europe", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 843, "year_label": "843 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Viking raiders attack Nantes, located on the River Loire; they kill the town's bishop along with many of the clergy, and murder men, women and children. They plunder the western parts of Aquitaine and reach an island north of the mouth of the River Garonne, near what later will be La Rochelle. There the Vikings bring materials from the mainland and build houses to spend the winter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941897#Europe", "title": "843", "revid": 1340941897, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 859, "year_label": "859 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Viking chieftains Hastein and Björn Ironside (a son of Ragnar Lodbrok) begin an expedition, and sail from the Loire River with a fleet of 62 ships, to raid cities and monasteries in the Mediterranean Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348997263#Europe", "title": "859", "revid": 1348997263, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 860, "year_label": "860 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "King Charles the Bald gives the order to build fortified bridges across the Seine and Loire Rivers, to protect Paris and the Frankish heartland against Viking raids. He hires the services of Weland, a Viking chieftain based on the Somme, to attack the Seine Vikings at their base on the Isle of Oissel. Weland besieges the Vikings—they offer him a huge bribe (6,000 pounds of silver) to let them escape.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666755#Europe", "title": "860", "revid": 1367666755, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 861, "year_label": "861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Robert the Strong is appointed margrave of Neustria by King Charles the Bald. He re-establishes the Breton March, and extends his remit by campaigning against Salomon, duke 'king' of Brittany. Robert hires a combined Seine-Loire fleet for 6,000 pounds of silver, 'before Salomon can ally with them against him'. In return, Salomon enlists 12 Viking ships under the command of Hastein, to raid the county of Maine, which, with Anjou, becomes squeezed between Brittany and Neustria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129426#Europe", "title": "861", "revid": 1341129426, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Robert the Strong, margrave of Neustria, attacks the Loire Vikings in a successful campaign. Other Viking raiders plunder the cities of Limoges and Clermont, in Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Europe", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Alan I (the Great), count of Vannes, and his rival Judicael, unite their forces to defeat the Vikings at Questembert (or 889). Judicael is killed, in a notable victory for the Bretons, with 15,000 Vikings crushed, some few 400 escaping to their ships. In command of a 'united' Breton force, Alan is able to drive the Vikings back to the Loire River. Alan becomes sole ruler of Brittany, and over the Frankish counties of Rennes, Nantes, Coutances and Avranches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Europe", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Saint-Philibert disaster: The overloaded pleasure craft Saint-Philibert, carrying trippers home to Nantes from the Île de Noirmoutier, sinks at the mouth of the River Loire in France; over 450 drown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#June", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › June"}}]}