{"slug": "louis-the-pious", "label": "Louis the Pious", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_Pious", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43974", "qid": "Q43974", "description": "King of the Franks", "entries": 36, "years": 33, "span": [758, 887], "span_label": ["758 CE", "887 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 9}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "lothair-i", "label": "Lothair I", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "louis-the-german", "label": "Louis the German", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "charles-the-bald", "label": "Charles the Bald", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "aquitaine", "label": "Aquitaine", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "aachen", "label": "Aachen", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "judith-of-bavaria-died-843", "label": "Judith of Bavaria (died 843)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "pepin-of-italy", "label": "Pepin of Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "carolingian-empire", "label": "Carolingian Empire", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": 758, "year_label": "758 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Adrian, Count of Orléans, brother in law of Charlemagne and uncle of Louis the Pious (d. c. 821)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654492#Births", "title": "758", "revid": 1366654492, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 778, "year_label": "778 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Louis the Pious, king of the Franks (d. 840)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081416#Births", "title": "778", "revid": 1267081416, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 781, "year_label": "781 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne has his son Carloman (renamed Pepin) anointed \"King of Italy\", and he is crowned by Pope Adrian I with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. His younger brother Charles I is anointed king of Aquitaine, and Louis the Pious (only 3-years old) is appointed sub-king of Italy and Aquitaine, following the conversion of Aquitaine from a Duchy to a sub-kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848254#Europe", "title": "781", "revid": 1340848254, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 790, "year_label": "790 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon missionary, returns (after an 8-year absence) to England. During his stay at the Carolingian court of King Charlemagne in Aachen, he has educated his sons Charles, Pepin and Louis. Alcuin revises the church liturgy and the Bible, and is responsible for an intellectual movement within the Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848291#Europe", "title": "790", "revid": 1340848291, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 794, "year_label": "794 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "King Louis I (son of Charlemagne), age 16, marries Ermengarde of Hesbaye. She is a Frankish noblewoman and the daughter of Ingerman, count of Hesbaye (modern Belgium).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848638#Europe", "title": "794", "revid": 1340848638, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 801, "year_label": "801 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – King Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, captures Barcelona after a siege of several months. Bera is appointed first count of Barcelona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369675421#Europe", "title": "801", "revid": 1369675421, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 809, "year_label": "809 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Aznar Galíndez I succeeds Aureolus, as count of Aragon (modern Spain). He is installed by King Louis the Pious (a son of emperor Charlemagne), and remains a Frankish vassal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361629793#Europe", "title": "809", "revid": 1361629793, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 813, "year_label": "813 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 — Louis the Pious, king of Aquitaine (and only surviving legitimate son), is crowned co-emperor of the Franks, with his father Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340940841#Europe", "title": "813", "revid": 1340940841, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 814, "year_label": "814 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Charlemagne dies of pleurisy in Aachen, after an almost 14-year reign (since 800) as the first Roman Emperor of Frankish origin (the precursor of the Holy Roman Emperor). He is embalmed and buried in Aachen Cathedral. Charlemagne is succeeded by his son Louis the Pious, as king of the Frankish Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655218#Europe", "title": "814", "revid": 1366655218, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 816, "year_label": "816 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – King Louis the Pious (son of Charlemagne) is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, by Pope Stephen IV at Reims. He also crowns the emperor's wife Ermengarde as Holy Roman Empress. The ceremony in Reims re-establishes the principle of papal supremacy, by recognising the importance of the pope in imperial coronations. Louis gives the pope many gifts, including the estate tax Vendeuvre, near Troyes (Northern France).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941190#Europe", "title": "816", "revid": 1340941190, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 817, "year_label": "817 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Louis I issues an Ordinatio Imperii, an imperial decree that lays out plans for an orderly succession. He divides the Frankish Empire among his three sons: Lothair, the eldest, is proclaimed co-emperor in Aachen, and becomes the overlord of his brothers. He receives the dominion of Burgundy (including German and Gallic parts). Pepin, the second son, is proclaimed king of Aquitaine, and receives Gascony (including the marche around Toulouse and parts of Septimania); Louis (the youngest son) is proclaimed king of Bavaria, and receives the dominions of East Francia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204806#Europe", "title": "817", "revid": 1349204806, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 818, "year_label": "818 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – King Bernard of Italy, illegitimate son of Pepin of Italy, is tried and condemned to death by Emperor Louis I. The Kingdom of Italy is reabsorbed into the Frankish Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941123#Europe", "title": "818", "revid": 1340941123, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 819, "year_label": "819 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen. She becomes his second wife and Empress of the Franks. Like many of the royal marriages of the time, Judith is selected through a bridal show.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941210#Europe", "title": "819", "revid": 1340941210, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 821, "year_label": "821 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gisela, Frankish princess, daughter of Louis the Pious", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941313#Births", "title": "821", "revid": 1340941313, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 822, "year_label": "822 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Louis I performs public penance for causing his nephew Bernard's death 4 years earlier, at his palace of Attigny (Ardennes), before Pope Paschal I, and the Frankish nobles (this to restore harmony and re-establish his authority).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267074664#Europe", "title": "822", "revid": 1267074664, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 823, "year_label": "823 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Lothair I, eldest son of Emperor Louis I, is crowned co-emperor again by Pope Paschal I at Rome (initiating the papal practice of handing the imperial sword over, as a symbol of temporal power in the Holy Roman Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073980#Europe", "title": "823", "revid": 1267073980, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 824, "year_label": "824 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – The Constitutio Romana, drawn up between King Lothair I of Italy, Louis the Pious, since 817, and Pope Eugene II, establishes the authority of the Holy Roman Emperors over the papacy of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361215157#By_date", "title": "824", "revid": 1361215157, "section": "Events › By date"}}, {"year": 825, "year_label": "825 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Louis the Pious begins a military campaign against the Wends and Sorbs. Duke Tunglo surrenders his son as hostage, and submits to Frankish rule (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941320#Europe", "title": "825", "revid": 1340941320, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 826, "year_label": "826 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Harald Klak of Denmark receives the Frisian county of Rüstringen, as a gift from Emperor Louis the Pious.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941323#Europe", "title": "826", "revid": 1340941323, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 829, "year_label": "829 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Louis the Pious appoints his 6-year-old son Charles (by his second wife Judith) as ruler of the Frankish subkingdom Alamannia, enraging his eldest son and co-emperor Lothair I, who begins an insurrection.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941503#Europe", "title": "829", "revid": 1340941503, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 830, "year_label": "830 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Louis the Pious returns from a campaign in Brittany, and is captured by his son Pepin I, king of Aquitaine. He is put under house arrest at Compiegne, and his wife Judith is incarcerated at Poitiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359310799#Europe", "title": "830", "revid": 1359310799, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 831, "year_label": "831 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Louis the Pious is reinstated as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. He promises his sons Pepin I and Louis the German a greater share of the inheritance. His eldest son Lothair I is pardoned, but disgraced and banished to Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941627#Europe", "title": "831", "revid": 1340941627, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 832, "year_label": "832 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Pepin I of Aquitaine, and his brother Louis the German, revolt against their father, Emperor Louis the Pious. They gather an army of Slav allies and conquer Swabia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075509#Europe", "title": "832", "revid": 1267075509, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 833, "year_label": "833 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Lothair I, eldest son of Emperor Louis the Pious, joins the rebellion of his brothers Pepin I and Louis the German, with the assistance of Archbishop Ebbo. Louis is forced to abdicate, on the plains of Rothfield (near Colmar).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941699#Europe", "title": "833", "revid": 1340941699, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 834, "year_label": "834 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Emperor Louis the Pious is restored as sole ruler of the Frankish Empire. After his re-accession to the throne, his eldest son Lothair I flees to Burgundy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941786#Europe", "title": "834", "revid": 1340941786, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 838, "year_label": "838 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – King Pepin I of Aquitaine dies after a 21-year reign. Emperor Louis the Pious appoints his youngest son Charles the Bald as his successor. The Aquitainian nobility, however, elects Pepin's son Pepin II as the new Frankish ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941885#Europe", "title": "838", "revid": 1340941885, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Civil War: King Louis the German, grandson of Charlemagne, invades Swabia. His nephew, Pepin II of Aquitaine, and his Gascon subjects, conquer territory all the way to the Loire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Europe", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 — Thirteen months before his death, Louis the Pious, successor to his father Charlemagne, consents to the division of Charlemagne's empire among his sons in a declaration at Worms. Upon Louis I's death in 840, Lothair (age 45) is devised Middle Francia that includes Switzerland and northern Italy; Louis the German (Louis II), age 36, receives Eastern Francia that includes much of Germany; and Charles the Bald (17) gets West Francia that incorporates most of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Europe", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 840, "year_label": "840 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Louis the Pious, Emperor of the Romans and King of the Franks, falls ill and dies at his hunting lodge, on an island in the Rhine, near the Ingelheim Imperial Palace in Francia, while suppressing a revolt. He proclaims his eldest son Lothair I as his successor as Emperor. Lothair tries to seize all the territories of his late grandfather Charlemagne. Louis' son by his second wife, Charles, 17, becomes King of the Franks, and joins with his half-brother Louis the German in resisting Lothair.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666598#Europe", "title": "840", "revid": 1367666598, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 840, "year_label": "840 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Louis the Pious, ruler of the Carolingian Empire (b. 778)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666598#Deaths", "title": "840", "revid": 1367666598, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 841, "year_label": "841 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Arnulf of Sens, illegitimate son of Louis the Pious", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360650312#Deaths", "title": "841", "revid": 1360650312, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 841, "year_label": "841 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Battle of Fontenay: Frankish forces of Emperor Lothair I, and his nephew Pepin II of Aquitaine, are defeated by allied forces of King Louis the German, and his half-brother Charles the Bald, at Fontenoy (Eastern France), in a civil war among the three surviving sons of the former emperor Louis the Pious. A total of 40,000 men are killed, including the Frankish nobles Gerard of Auvergne and Ricwin of Nantes, fighting on the side of Charles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360650312#Europe", "title": "841", "revid": 1360650312, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 844, "year_label": "844 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Pope Gregory IV dies after a 16-year reign, in which he has supported the Frankish policy of late emperor Louis the Pious, and established the observance of All Saints' Day. He is succeeded by Sergius II, as the 102nd pope of Rome. Sergius imprisons the antipope John VIII, and is elected by popular acclamation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342120631#Religion", "title": "844", "revid": 1342120631, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 855, "year_label": "855 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Emperor Lothair I dies after a 15-year reign (co-ruling with his father Louis the Pious until 840). He divides the Middle Frankish Kingdom between his three sons in an agreement called the Treaty of Prüm—the eldest, Louis II, receives the northern half of Italy and the title of Holy Roman Emperor. The second, Lothair II, receives Lotharingia (the Low Countries and Upper Burgundy). The youngest, Charles, receives Lower Burgundy and Provence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256482#Central_Europe", "title": "855", "revid": 1350256482, "section": "Events › By place › Central Europe"}}, {"year": 858, "year_label": "858 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Louis the German, summoned by the disaffected Frankish nobles, invades the West Frankish Kingdom and secures Aquitaine for his nephew Pepin II (\"the Younger\"). King Charles the Bald flees to Burgundy; he is saved by the help of the bishops, and by the fidelity of the family of the Welfs, who are related to Judith (second wife of former emperor Louis the Pious).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129132#Europe", "title": "858", "revid": 1341129132, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 887, "year_label": "887 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – In an assembly at Pavia (Northern Italy), the lords of Lombardia elect Berengar I, a grandson of former emperor Louis the Pious (through his daughter Gisela), as king of Italy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. After the deposition of Charles the Fat, the nobility chooses Ranulf II as duke (or 'king') of Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370364971#Europe", "title": "887", "revid": 1370364971, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}