{"slug": "louis-xi", "label": "Louis XI", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XI", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8058", "qid": "Q8058", "description": "king of France from 1461 to 1483 (1423–1483)", "entries": 20, "years": 16, "span": [1423, 1482], "span_label": ["1423 CE", "1482 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "charles-vii-of-france", "label": "Charles VII of France", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-iv", "label": "Edward IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "french-revolution", "label": "French Revolution", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-normandy", "label": "Duchy of Normandy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rouen", "label": "Rouen", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-brittany", "label": "Duchy of Brittany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "provence", "label": "Provence", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-swiss-confederacy", "label": "Old Swiss Confederacy", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1423, "year_label": "1423 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – Louis XI, monarch of the House of Valois, King of France from 1461 to 1483 (d. 1483)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365656788#Births", "title": "1423", "revid": 1365656788, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1436, "year_label": "1436 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Scottish princess Margaret Stewart marries the future French king Louis XI in Tours.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320639#April–July", "title": "1436", "revid": 1351320639, "section": "Events › April–July"}}, {"year": 1437, "year_label": "1437 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – King Charles VII of France and his son Prince Louis ride into Paris for the first time in 17 years after the royal family had fled from the invasion by the Duke of Burgundy in 1420.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358546204#October–December", "title": "1437", "revid": 1358546204, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1444, "year_label": "1444 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – Old Zürich War – Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs: Charles VII of France, seeking to send away troublesome troops made idle by the truce with England, sends his son (the Dauphin Louis) with a large army into Switzerland, to support the claims of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. The massively outnumbered Swiss force is destroyed in this battle, but inflict such casualties on the French that they withdraw.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359067554#July–September", "title": "1444", "revid": 1359067554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Louis XI marries Charlotte of Savoy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#January–March", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1452, "year_label": "1452 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – The University of Valence is founded in France by the Dauphin Louis, son of King Charles VII. The university lasts for 330 years until being closed during the French Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355060030#July–September", "title": "1452", "revid": 1355060030, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The coronation of Louis XI as King of France takes place at Reims.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#July–September", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Louis XI succeeds Charles VII of France as king (reigns until 1483).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#July–September", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1464, "year_label": "1464 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – King Edward IV of England surprises his advisors and the nation by introducing Elizabeth Woodville as his wife at Reading Abbey, and revealing that he had been married for almost five months, the ceremony having taken place on May 1. The marriage outrages King Edward's mentor, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, who had been arranging a marriage between the King and Bona of Savoy, sister-in-law of France's King Louis XI.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367795127#July–September", "title": "1464", "revid": 1367795127, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1465, "year_label": "1465 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – At the Battle of Montlhéry, troops of King Louis XI fight inconclusively against an army of great nobles, organized as the League of the Public Weal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370409749#July–September", "title": "1465", "revid": 1370409749, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1468, "year_label": "1468 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – King Louis XI summons a meeting of France's parliament, the Estates-General, and obtains approval of all concessions he had previously made to the Kingdom of England, including those with reference to Normandy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561306#April–June", "title": "1468", "revid": 1369561306, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1468, "year_label": "1468 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – The Treaty of Péronne is signed by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and Louis XI of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561306#October–December", "title": "1468", "revid": 1369561306, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1469, "year_label": "1469 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Cardinal Jean Balue, a close adviser of King Louis XI, is arrested for conspiring with Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and is charged with treason. Since there is a dispute over whether a Roman Catholic cleric can be tried by the royal court rather than an eccleastical court, Balue is spared the death penalty but spends the next 11 years in prison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365666063#April–June", "title": "1469", "revid": 1365666063, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1469, "year_label": "1469 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – The Order of Saint Michael ( Ordre de Saint-Michel) is founded by King Louis XI of France as a response to the 's Order of the Golden Fleece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365666063#July–September", "title": "1469", "revid": 1365666063, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1469, "year_label": "1469 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – King Louis XI, having taken back the Duchy of Normandy from the control of his inept younger brother, Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry, pledges at Rouen that the Duchy will never be ceded again. In a ceremony before the Exchequer of Normandy, the Duchy's administrative court, King Louis places the ducal ring (symbolic of the office as a ring worn by the Duke) upon an anvil and the ring is smashed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365666063#October–December", "title": "1469", "revid": 1365666063, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1476, "year_label": "1476 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 –The Treaty of Fribourg is signed by representatives of the Swiss Confederation and the Duchy of Savoy after France's King Louis XI intervenes to stop the war in Switzerland over former Savoyard territories in the Canton of Vaud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998162#April–June", "title": "1476", "revid": 1361998162, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1477, "year_label": "1477 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – The 1475 Treaty of Picquigny between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France, is extended by agreement between England's King Edward IV and France's King Louis XI, with a provision that the cessation of hostilities will continue for one year after the death of one of the two monarchs.Louis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330635656#July–September", "title": "1477", "revid": 1330635656, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1480, "year_label": "1480 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – King Louis XI buys the succession rights to the Duchy of Brittany from the Countess Nicole de Châtillon for 50,000 livres", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370179650#January–March", "title": "1480", "revid": 1370179650, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1481, "year_label": "1481 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – With the death of Duke Charles IV of Anjou, Anjou reverts to the French crown under Louis XI, as does the Provence, which until then was part of the Holy Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365936509#October–December", "title": "1481", "revid": 1365936509, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1482, "year_label": "1482 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – The Treaty of Arras divides the Burgundian Netherlands between King Louis XI of France and Archduke Maximilian I of Habsburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368493356#October–December", "title": "1482", "revid": 1368493356, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}