{"slug": "lubeck", "label": "Lübeck", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2843", "qid": "Q2843", "description": "city in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [1143, 1945], "span_label": ["1143 CE", "1945 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "hanseatic-league", "label": "Hanseatic League", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-germany", "label": "Kingdom of Germany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "slavs", "label": "Slavs", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "finland", "label": "Finland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tallinn", "label": "Tallinn", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "amsterdam", "label": "Amsterdam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "torun", "label": "Toruń", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "copenhagen", "label": "Copenhagen", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Adolf II, count of Schauenburg and Holstein, founds Lübeck – which later becomes one of the leading Hanseatic cities. He divides the conquered Slavic lands, as part of the eastward expansion in Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#Europe", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Teutonic Order is founded at Acre by German knights of Lübeck and Bremen. The Order is formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Third_Crusade", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The German cities of Lübeck, Wismar, and Rostock enter into a pact to defend against pirates of the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Hanseatic League.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Europe", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The first record is made of an emission of life annuities, by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany, and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Markets", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By topic › Markets"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Petrus, bishop of Västerås, buys 1/8 of the Stora Kopparberg copper mine in Falun, Sweden. During the reign of King Magnus Ladulås, nobles and foreign merchants from Lübeck take interests in the mining area.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Markets", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By topic › Markets"}}, {"year": 1367, "year_label": "1367 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – In Germany, the Kölner Konföderation is founded by eight German members of the Hanseatic League (Lübeck, Rostock, Stralsund, Wismar, Kulm and Thorn, and five non-League Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Brielle, Harderwijk,Elbing and Kampen) to fight against the Kingdom of Denmark, whose ruler King Valdemar IV, has been seizing land to expand the territory owned by the Danish crown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373413377#October–December", "title": "1367", "revid": 1373413377, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1368, "year_label": "1368 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – The siege of Copenhagen, capital of the Kingdom of Denmark, is started by the Hanseatic League as 37 ships and 2,000 soldiers arrive at the city after sailing from the German city of Lübeck under the leadership of the city's leader, Bruno von Warendorp. The invaders bring with them 400 horses and eight trebuchets (long range catapults) and four regular catapults. While the city falls in four weeks, the Absalon fortress on Slotsholmen island holds out for two months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371792677#April–June", "title": "1368", "revid": 1371792677, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – The first ships to complete passage on the 60 mi long Stecknitz Canal in Germany arrive at Lübeck, with 30 barges carrying salt from Lüneburg. The canal, completed after seven years between the rivers Elbe and Trave, is one of the earliest navigable summit level canals in the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#July–September", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1435, "year_label": "1435 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Peace of Vordingborg is signed, ending the war between the Hanseatic League of German cities (Hamburg, Lübeck, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar) and the Scandinavian Kalmar Union of Denmark and Sweden. King Eric VII of Denmark and Adolph VIII, Count of Holstein sign, along with Hein Hoyer, representing the League, at Vordingborg Castle. Denmark cedes the Duchy of Schleswig to Holstein and agrees to stop interfering with the League, to end ten years of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372061#July–September", "title": "1435", "revid": 1370372061, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1468, "year_label": "1468 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Hanseatic warship Hanneke Vrome capsizes and sinks off of the coast of Finland, killing its estimated 180 passengers and crew, along with a valuable cargo including 10,000 Rheingulden coins, equivalent to at least 34000 kg lb of gold. The ship had been sailing between the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck (in Germany) and Reval (now Tallinn, capital of Estonia) when it ran into a gale.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561306#October–December", "title": "1468", "revid": 1369561306, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – The only continental outbreak of English sweating sickness reaches Lübeck, spreading from there into Schleswig-Holstein in the next few months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#July–September", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – Copenhagen opens its gates to Count Christopher of Oldenburg, leading the army of Lübeck (and the Hanseatic League), nominally in the interests of the deposed King Christian II of Denmark. The surrenders of Copenhagen and, a few days later, of Malmö represent the high point of the Count's War for the forces of the League. These victories presumably lead the Danish nobility to recognize Christian III as King on July 4.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#April–June", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March", "text": "March – The Hanseatic city of Lübeck launches the galleon Adler von Lübeck, probably the largest ship in the world at this time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#January–March", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Hanseatic League, after 400 years of operation, holds its last official meeting, taking place at the city of Lübeck. At its height, the economic alliance of German cities had 180 members; only nine (Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Danzig, Braunschweig, Cologne, Hildesheim, Osnabrück and Rostock) are represented for the final gathering. The final series of meetings had started on May 29.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366419040#July–September", "title": "1669", "revid": 1366419040, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1699, "year_label": "1699 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Jews are expelled from Lübeck, Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560904#January–March", "title": "1699", "revid": 1369560904, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1806, "year_label": "1806 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – The last major Prussian field force, under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, surrenders to the French near Lübeck. Frederick William III has by this time fled to Memel in East Prussia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368311144#October–December", "title": "1806", "revid": 1368311144, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May", "text": "The prison ships Cap Arcona (5,000 dead), Thielbek (2,750 dead) and Deutschland (all survive) are sunk by the British Royal Air Force in Lübeck Bay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#May", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › May"}}]}