{"slug": "lycia", "label": "Lycia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18927", "qid": "Q18927", "description": "geopolitical region in Anatolia", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [-539, 716], "span_label": ["540 BCE", "716 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "pamphylia", "label": "Pamphylia", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "phrygia", "label": "Phrygia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "caria", "label": "Caria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cilicia", "label": "Cilicia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cyclades", "label": "Cyclades", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antigonus-i-monophthalmus", "label": "Antigonus I Monophthalmus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "looting", "label": "Looting", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -539, "year_label": "540 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Persians conquer Lycian city of Xanthos (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210121752#Events", "title": "540 BC", "revid": 1210121752, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -465, "year_label": "466 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cimon carries the war against Persia into Asia Minor and wins the Battle of the Eurymedon in Pamphylia. This is a decisive defeat of the Persians as Cimon's land and sea forces capture the Persian camp and destroy or capture the entire Persian fleet of 200 triremes (manned by Phoenicians). Many new allies of Athens are now recruited, such as the trading city of Phaselis on the Lycian-Pamphylian border.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129366#Greece", "title": "466 BC", "revid": 1350129366, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -332, "year_label": "333 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Alexander of Macedonia conquers western Asia Minor, subduing the hill tribes of Lycia and Pisidia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361013620#Events", "title": "333 BC", "revid": 1361013620, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -322, "year_label": "323 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antigonus gaining the governorship of Pamphylia and Lycia;", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311163255#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "323 BC", "revid": 1311163255, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy I Soter personally commands a fleet that takes the coastal regions of Lycia and Caria from Antigonus I Monophthalmus, capturing the cities of Phaselis, Xanthos, Kaunos, Iasos and Myndus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Asia_Minor", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -301, "year_label": "302 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Docimus, the regent of Phrygia, and Phoenix, the strategos of Lycia, desert Antigonus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372589595#Asia_Minor", "title": "302 BC", "revid": 1372589595, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -271, "year_label": "272 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Egypt's victories solidify the kingdom's position as the undisputed naval power of the eastern Mediterranean; the Ptolemaic sphere of power now extends over the Cyclades to Samothrace, and the harbours and coastal towns of Cilicia Trachea, Pamphylia, Lycia and Caria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172942#Egypt", "title": "272 BC", "revid": 1354172942, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -203, "year_label": "204 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Philip V of Macedon and Antiochus III of the Syrian-based Seleucid kingdom realize Egypt's weakness and agree to partition Egypt's Anatolian and Aegean possessions. Antiochus' share is to be southern Syria, Lycia, Cilicia and Cyprus, while Philip is to gain western Anatolia and the Cyclades.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115585#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "204 BC", "revid": 1300115585, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the peace of Apamea, Eumenes II receives the provinces of Phrygia, Lydia, Lycia, Pisidia, and Pamphylia from his Roman allies, as the Romans have no desire to actually administer territory in Hellenistic Anatolia but want to see a strong, friendly state in Anatolia as a buffer zone against any possible Seleucid expansion in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Asia_Minor", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -87, "year_label": "88 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – King Mithridates VI of Pontus invades Greece. Defeating the Roman forces four times in succession, he conquers Bithynia, Phrygia, Mysia, Lycia, Pamphylia, Ionia and Cappadocia. The Roman province of Asia is dismantled. On the king's orders, the local authorities in every city of the province round up and put to death all resident Italians in a single day (App.Mith.§§85–91). Plutarch (Sulla 24.4) says that 150,000 are killed, other sources calculate a figure of 80,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325703284#Greece", "title": "88 BC", "revid": 1325703284, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -77, "year_label": "78 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Senate sends Publius Servilius Vatia to Cilicia as governor, where he fights a successful campaign against the Piracy in southern Anatolia (Lycia, Pamphylia and Isauria), he is thereafter known by the agnomen Isauricus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209581221#Roman_Republic", "title": "78 BC", "revid": 1209581221, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -41, "year_label": "42 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Brutus begins to plunder the cities of Asia Minor, in order to obtain money and soldiers. The inhabitants of Lycia refuse to submit to Rome, and Brutus besieges Xanthus. After destroying their suburbs, the Xanthians withdraw into the heavily fortified city. The Roman legionaries (2,000 men) force the gate and fight their way into the forum. The citizens make a last stand by the temple of Sarpedon and, as night falls, the Roman army conquers the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352172627#Roman_Republic", "title": "42 BC", "revid": 1352172627, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 43, "year_label": "43 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Claudius annexes Lycia in Asia Minor, combining it with Pamphylia as a Roman province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_43", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 43"}}, {"year": 141, "year_label": "141 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The 141 Lycia earthquake affects most of the Roman provinces of Lycia and Caria and the islands of Rhodes, Kos, Simi and Serifos. It triggers a severe tsunami, which causes major inundation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371186469#Asia", "title": "AD 141", "revid": 1371186469, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 655, "year_label": "655 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Masts: Emperor Constans II personally commands the Byzantine fleet (500 ships), and sets off to challenge the Arab navy. He sails to the province of Lycia (now in Turkey) in the southern region of Asia Minor. The two forces meet off the coast of Mount Phoenix, near the harbour of Phoenix (modern Finike). The Arabs under Abdullah ibn Sa'ad are victorious in battle, although losses are heavy for both sides. Constans barely escapes to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636681#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "655", "revid": 1367636681, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 716, "year_label": "716 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Arab-Byzantine Wars: Umayyad Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd Al-Malik begins the preparations for his campaign on Constantinople; he orders new ships be built in the port-cities in Palestine, Egypt & Ifriqiya. General Umar ibn Hubayra raids southern Anatolia by sea and conquers Lycia, where another Arab fleet joins him, and they spend winter. As the navy advances, Sulayman sends land armies into Anatolia, which settle at Caesarea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808331#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "716", "revid": 1340808331, "section": "Events › Byzantine Empire"}}]}