{"slug": "lydia", "label": "Lydia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620765", "qid": "Q620765", "description": "Iron Age kingdom and then province in Asia Minor (1200–546 BC)", "entries": 16, "years": 15, "span": [-717, -187], "span_label": ["718 BCE", "188 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sardis", "label": "Sardis", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "phrygia", "label": "Phrygia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "caria", "label": "Caria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "lysimachus", "label": "Lysimachus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ephesus", "label": "Ephesus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "agesilaus-ii", "label": "Agesilaus II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pharnabazus-5th-century-bc", "label": "Pharnabazus (5th century BC)", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -717, "year_label": "718 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "718 BC—Gyges becomes the ruler of Lydia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368385620#Events_and_trends", "title": "710s BC", "revid": 1368385620, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -643, "year_label": "644 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ardys succeeds his father Gyges as the second Mermnad king of Lydia. During his reign he finds payment of tribute to Assyria preferable to rule by the Cimmerians, who will be routed a few decades later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510229#Asia_Minor", "title": "644 BC", "revid": 1370510229, "section": "Events › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -643, "year_label": "644 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gyges, king of Lydia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510229#Deaths", "title": "644 BC", "revid": 1370510229, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -636, "year_label": "637 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sadyattes becomes king of Lydia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510225#Events", "title": "637 BC", "revid": 1370510225, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -634, "year_label": "635 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "635 BC—Death of Sadyattes, Lydia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370523191#Significant_people", "title": "630s BC", "revid": 1370523191, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -630, "year_label": "631 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sadyattes becomes king of Lydia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371149156#Events", "title": "631 BC", "revid": 1371149156, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -497, "year_label": "498 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Athens and Eretria respond to the Ionian plea for help against Persia and send troops. An Athenian and Eretrian fleet transports Athenian troops to Ephesus. There they are joined by a force of Ionians and march upon Sardis, the capital of Artaphernes (the satrap of Lydia and brother to Darius I of Persia). Artaphernes, who has sent most of his troops to besiege Miletus, is taken by surprise. However, Artaphernes is able to retreat to the citadel and hold it. Although the Greeks are unable to take the citadel, they pillage the town and set fires that burn Sardis to the ground.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373138296#Greece", "title": "498 BC", "revid": 1373138296, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -412, "year_label": "413 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tissaphernes, the Persian satrap of Lydia and Caria, forms an alliance with Sparta. The Spartans, with strategic advice from Alcibiades and limited assistance from the Persians under Pharnabazus, advance almost to the gates of Athens. King Agis II leads the Spartan force that occupies Decelea in Attica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353493943#Greece", "title": "413 BC", "revid": 1353493943, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -407, "year_label": "408 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Darius II of Persia decides to continue the war against Athens and give support to the Spartans. His wife, Parysatis, persuades him to appoint his younger son, Cyrus, as satrap (governor) of Lydia, Phrygia, and Cappadocia and commander in chief of the Achaemenian forces in Asia Minor in place of Tissaphernes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303241146#Persian_Empire", "title": "408 BC", "revid": 1303241146, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -395, "year_label": "396 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Agesilaus II, the King of Sparta, campaigns successfully in Asia Minor against the Persian satraps Pharnabazus and Tissaphernes and inflicts a major defeat on Tissaphernes at Sardis. Agesilaus agrees to a three months' truce with the Persians under Tissaphernes, the satrap of Lydia and Caria. Negotiations conducted during that time prove fruitless, and on its termination, Agesilaus raids Phrygia, where he easily captures an immense amount of booty, since Tissaphernes has concentrated his troops in Caria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1306223289#Greece", "title": "396 BC", "revid": 1306223289, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -394, "year_label": "395 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After spending the winter in organizing a cavalry force, Agesilaus II, the King of Sparta, makes a successful incursion into Lydia in the spring.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370496371#Persian_Empire", "title": "395 BC", "revid": 1370496371, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -355, "year_label": "356 BCE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 (traditional date) – The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus is burned down by a madman named Herostratus, destroying one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The great temple was built by Croesus, king of Lydia, in about 550 BC and was famous not only for its great size (110 metres by 55 metres), but also for the magnificent works of art that adorned it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343819365#Architecture", "title": "356 BC", "revid": 1343819365, "section": "Events › By topic › Architecture"}}, {"year": -286, "year_label": "287 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Demetrius besieges Athens without success. He leaves Antigonus in charge of the war in Greece, assembles all his ships and embarks with his troops to attack Caria and Lydia, provinces in Asia Minor controlled by Lysimachus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370523789#Greece", "title": "287 BC", "revid": 1370523789, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -280, "year_label": "281 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Corupedium in Lydia is the last battle of the Diadochi, the rival successors to Alexander the Great. It is fought between the armies of Lysimachus, King of Thrace, Macedonia, Western Anatolia and Seleucus, ruler of Eastern Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Babylonia and Iran. Seleucus kills Lysimachus during the battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366700718#Asia_Minor", "title": "281 BC", "revid": 1366700718, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus I tries to break the growing power of Pergamum by force of arms. Eumenes I, the new ruler of Pergamum, liberates his city from the overlordship of the Seleucids by defeating the army of Antiochus I near Sardis (the capital of Lydia), and thereby establishing an independent city-state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following the peace of Apamea, Eumenes II receives the provinces of Phrygia, Lydia, Lycia, Pisidia, and Pamphylia from his Roman allies, as the Romans have no desire to actually administer territory in Hellenistic Anatolia but want to see a strong, friendly state in Anatolia as a buffer zone against any possible Seleucid expansion in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Asia_Minor", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}]}