{"slug": "madrid", "label": "Madrid", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2807", "qid": "Q2807", "description": "capital of Spain", "entries": 35, "years": 29, "span": [1085, 2019], "span_label": ["1085 CE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "philip-v-of-spain", "label": "Philip V of Spain", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "philip-iii-of-spain", "label": "Philip III of Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "war-of-the-spanish-succession", "label": "War of the Spanish Succession", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "burgos", "label": "Burgos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prime-minister-of-spain", "label": "Prime Minister of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-castile", "label": "Kingdom of Castile", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-iv-of-castile", "label": "Henry IV of Castile", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moors", "label": "Moors", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1085, "year_label": "1085 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – King Alfonso VI of León and Castile (\"the Brave\") recaptures Toledo from the Moors, and occupies other cities such as Madrid and Talavera (including the castle of Aledo). Alfonso moves his capital to Toledo, and consolidates his power between Sistema Central and the Tagus River, from where he launches more attacks against the taifas of Córdoba, Seville, Badajoz and Granada (modern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159073#Europe", "title": "1085", "revid": 1362159073, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1465, "year_label": "1465 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – The Farce of Ávila takes place in the Kingdom of Castile in Spain as noblemen in Ávila declare that King Enrique IV is deposed and that they will only recognize his half-brother, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, as their monarch. King Enrique, who was the subject of a similar deposition in Plasencia on April 27, continues his reign of the rest of the kingdom from Madrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370409749#April–June", "title": "1465", "revid": 1370409749, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1475, "year_label": "1475 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – At Madrid, Queen Isabella I of Castile, who had been crowned on December 11, declares her husband Prince Fernando de Aragón to be the joint ruler with her, and is proclaimed as King Fernando V of Castile. Fernando, the oldest son and heir to the throne of King Juan II of Aragon, will make Isabella co-ruler of Aragon when he ascends the throne upon his father's death in 1479.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369334832#January–March", "title": "1475", "revid": 1369334832, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – The regency over the Kingdom of Spain by Archduchess Maria and her husband, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, ends after almost three years when Maria's brother Crown Prince Philip returns to Madrid. Philip resumes his role as regent for King Charles I, the father of both Maria and Philip; Maria and Maximilian had served during the absence of both the King and the Crown Prince starting on October 1, 1548.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#July–September", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Madrid is declared the capital of Spain, by Philip II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#April–June", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – Valladolid is briefly the capital of Habsburg Spain under Philip III, before returning indefinitely to Madrid in 1606.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#January–March", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, Don Quixote (El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha, \"The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha\"), is published in Madrid. One of the first significant novels in the western literary tradition, it becomes a global bestseller almost at once.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#January–March", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Japan's diplomatic mission to Europe, led by Hasekura Tsunenaga, meets with King Philip III of Spain at Madrid and presents an offer of a treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#January–March", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – Charles, Prince of Wales, the future King Charles I of England, travelling incognito with royal favourite George Villiers, arrives in Madrid to pursue negotiations over the \"Spanish match\", the Protestant Charles's proposed marriage with the Catholic Habsburg Infanta Maria Anna of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#January–March", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Spanish Bourbon armies of King Philip V retake Madrid from the Portuguese and Habsburg Austria troops that had entered the city in June.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#July–September", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – War of the Spanish Succession: Troops dispatched from Portugal capture Madrid and proclaim the Habsburg dynasty's Archduke Charles of Austria to be the King Carlos III of Spain, after the Bourbon ruler, Philip V, has fled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#April–June", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – King Philip V of Spain establishes the Biblioteca Nacional de España as the Palace Public Library (Biblioteca Pública de Palacio) in Madrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964331#October–December", "title": "1712", "revid": 1367964331, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1725, "year_label": "1725 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – Johan Willem Ripperda of the Netherlands, the former Dutch Ambassador to Spain, arrives in Madrid and claims that King Philip V has appointed him as the new Prime Minister. The bluff is successful and he is granted authority by the King's advisers, but after four months, he is forced to resign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361335962#October–December", "title": "1725", "revid": 1361335962, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1752, "year_label": "1752 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Spain's Royal Academy of the Fine Arts, is formally established in Spain, eight years after first being proposed to King Fernando VI by Jeronimo Antonio Gil as a small school in Madrid. The foundation of the Royal Academy is considered by historians to be \"an essential step in modernizing Spain\" during the Spanish Enlightenment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362993688#April–June", "title": "1752", "revid": 1362993688, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Peninsular War: Dos de Mayo Uprising – The people of Madrid rise up against the French troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#April–June", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – Peninsular War: Battle of Somosierra: A French cavalry charge of the Polish Chevau-léger (some 8,000 horsemen) of the Imperial Guard under Baron Jan Kozietulski overwhelm the Spanish positions at Somosierra. The victory removes the last obstacle barring the road to Madrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#October–December", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – Peninsular War: The combined English and Portuguese army under the command of Wellington enters Madrid, following the Battle of Salamanca.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#July–September", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Siege of Burgos: British troops under Arthur Wellington are forced to abandon the siege of Burgos after a month. Meanwhile, Joseph Bonaparte makes plans to recapture Madrid. He assembles an army led by Louis-Gabriel Suchet and Jean-de-Dieu Soult to drive Wellington out of central Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#October–December", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19 – The Museo del Prado opens in Madrid. Initially, it has 311 significant paintings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#October–December", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – The rebel Spanish government withdraws from Madrid to Seville following the French advance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#April–June", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1823, "year_label": "1823 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The Duke of Angoulême, commander of the invading French forces, establishes a regency in Madrid on behalf of Ferdinand VII who remains a captive of the Spanish government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361959841#April–June", "title": "1823", "revid": 1361959841, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) is founded clandestinely at the Casa Labra tavern in Madrid, by printer Pablo Iglesias.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#May", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato e Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#March", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – The Second Spanish Republic is proclaimed in Madrid. Meanwhile, as a result of the victory of the Republican Left of Catalonia, Francesc Macià proclaims in Barcelona the Catalan Republic, as a state of the Iberian Federation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#April", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1947, "year_label": "1947 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Santiago Bernabeu Stadium is officially inaugurated in Madrid, and hosts its first Association football match.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371901060#December", "title": "1947", "revid": 1371901060, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – The Latin Union (Unión Latina) is created by the Convention of Madrid. Its member countries use the five Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian. It suspended operations in 2012.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#May", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Real Madrid beats Fiorentina 2–0 at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid, to win the 1956–57 European Cup (football).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#May", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Spanish prime minister Luis Carrero Blanco is assassinated in Madrid by the separatist organization ETA.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#December", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Picasso's painting Guernica is moved from New York to Madrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#September", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – The Alcalá 20 nightclub fire in Madrid, Spain, injuring 47 and killing 83 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#December", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Two Spanish passenger planes collide on the foggy runway at a Madrid airport, killing 93 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#December", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Colombian Avianca Flight 011 crashes near Barajas Airport in Madrid, Spain, killing 181 of the 192 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#November", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – El Descanso bombing: A terrorist bombing attributed to the Islamic Jihad Organization in the El Descanso restaurant near Madrid, Spain, mostly attended by U.S. personnel from the Torrejón Air Base, causes 18 deaths (all Spaniards) and 82 injuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#April", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – Al-Qaeda bombings on Cercanías trains in Madrid, Spain, kill at least 192 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#March", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2–13 – The 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference takes place in Madrid, Spain, after Chilean President Sebastián Piñera announced in October that his country could not host the conference due to political unrest in the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}]}