{"slug": "mahmud-of-ghazni", "label": "Mahmud of Ghazni", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189271", "qid": "Q189271", "description": "Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire from 998 to 1030", "entries": 10, "years": 9, "span": [971, 1030], "span_label": ["971 CE", "1030 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ghaznavids", "label": "Ghaznavids", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "afghanistan", "label": "Afghanistan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lahore", "label": "Lahore", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hinduism", "label": "Hinduism", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 971, "year_label": "971 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Mahmud of Ghazni, emir of the Ghaznavid Empire (d. 1030)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918921#Births", "title": "971", "revid": 1364918921, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sabuktigin, founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, dies after a 20-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Ismail as emir of Ghazna. But many in the court favor his elder brother Mahmud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Central_Asia", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Events › By place › Central Asia"}}, {"year": 998, "year_label": "998 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ghazni: The Afghan prince Mahmud defeats his younger brother Ismail (the ruling emir of the Ghaznavid Dynasty) in battle. He places Ismail in comfortable captivity for the rest of his life and expands the realm of his late father, Sebuktigin, into the Punjab in northwestern India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593041#Persia", "title": "998", "revid": 1365593041, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into northern India, establishing the Ghaznavid Empire across most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Pakistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Asia", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1004, "year_label": "1004 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mahmud of Ghazni invades the Kingdom of Bhatia (modern-day Bhera, Pakistan). He defeats its ruler, Biji Rai, who is captured and subsequently immolates himself.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369529611#Persia", "title": "1004", "revid": 1369529611, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 1021, "year_label": "1021 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni appoints Malik Ayaz to the throne, making Lahore (modern Pakistan) the capital of the Ghaznavid Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212958#Asia", "title": "1021", "revid": 1342212958, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1024, "year_label": "1024 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni sacks the Hindu religious center of Somnath and takes away a booty of 20 million dinars (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213215#Asia", "title": "1024", "revid": 1342213215, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1029, "year_label": "1029 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March", "text": "March/April: The Ghaznavid Sultan Maḥmūd brutally sacks the city of Rayy after receiving a request for help by its Buyyid ruler Majd al-Dawla against his rebellious troops. He crucifies a large number of the local population and burns many books that he considers heretical.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363085319#Asia", "title": "1029", "revid": 1363085319, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (b. 971)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Deaths", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I, who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran, and India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Asia", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}]}