{"slug": "mali", "label": "Mali", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912", "qid": "Q912", "description": "country in West Africa", "entries": 15, "years": 15, "span": [989, 2021], "span_label": ["989 CE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "songhai-empire", "label": "Songhai Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "morocco", "label": "Morocco", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "senegal", "label": "Senegal", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mali-empire", "label": "Mali Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nato", "label": "NATO", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ghana", "label": "Ghana", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "guinea", "label": "Guinea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-john-paul-ii", "label": "Pope John Paul II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chad", "label": "Chad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "timbuktu", "label": "Timbuktu", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 989, "year_label": "989 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sankore Madrasah, at this stage a mosque, is founded in Timbuktu (modern-day Mali).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624689#Education", "title": "989", "revid": 1357624689, "section": "Events › By topic › Education"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A collective of Tuareg trading clans decide to permanently settle the city of Timbuktu (modern Mali) north of Djenné along the Niger River. Timbuktu will later achieve fame as a center of Islamic learning. The Sankore, Djinguereber and Sidi Yahya mosques are among Timbuktu's most famous religious and scholarly institutions (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Africa", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Musa II succeeds his father, Mari Djata II, as Mansa of the Mali Empire (modern-day Mali and Senegal).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#Date_unknown", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – In what is now the West African nation of Mali, Sonni Baru becomes the new monarch of the Songhai Empire following death of his father, the Emperor Sonni Ali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366150846#October—December", "title": "1492", "revid": 1366150846, "section": "Events › October—December"}}, {"year": 1493, "year_label": "1493 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Battle of Anfao: Askia Mohammad I defeats Sonni Baru in what becomes the African nation of Mali, and usurps the throne of the Songhai Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631093#April–June", "title": "1493", "revid": 1371631093, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Battle of Tondibi: In Mali, forces sent by the Saadi dynasty ruler of Morocco, Ahmad al-Mansur, and led by Judar Pasha, defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#January–March", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Bamana forces from Ségou invade the Mali heartland, destroying the Mali Empire after its 400 years as a unified state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#Date_unknown", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Amadou Lobbo initiates his jihad, in present-day Mali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#Date_unknown", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Ségou, destroying the Bamana Empire of Mali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#March", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – The short-lived Mali Federation, consisting of the Sudanese Republic (modern-day Republic of Mali) and Senegal, gains independence from France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#June", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Following a four-day conference in Casablanca, five African chiefs of state announce plans for a NATO-type African organization to ensure common defense. The Charter of Casablanca involves the Casablanca Group: Morocco, the United Arab Republic, Ghana, Guinea, and Mali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#January", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Pope John Paul II begins an eight-day tour of Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Burkina Faso and Chad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#January", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – The National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad unilaterally declares the independence of Azawad from Mali.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#April", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2014, "year_label": "2014 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – Air Algérie Flight 5017, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83, crashes in Mali, killing all 116 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373534475#July", "title": "2014", "revid": 1373534475, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – A coup d'état in Mali removes interim president Bah Ndaw and the acting prime minister, Moctar Ouane, from power and restores military rule leading to the country being suspended from the Economic Community of West African States and the African Union, as well as France suspending its military operations in the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#May", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › May"}}]}