{"slug": "malta", "label": "Malta", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233", "qid": "Q233", "description": "country in Southern Europe situated on an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea", "entries": 41, "years": 39, "span": [-200, 2008], "span_label": ["201 BCE", "2008 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 16}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "knights-hospitaller", "label": "Knights Hospitaller", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "arab-muslims", "label": "Arab Muslims", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "almoravid-dynasty", "label": "Almoravid dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lithuania", "label": "Lithuania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "european-union", "label": "European Union", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -200, "year_label": "201 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans oust the Carthaginians from Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243551551#Roman_Republic", "title": "201 BC", "revid": 1243551551, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 60, "year_label": "60 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Paul of Tarsus journeys to Rome, but is shipwrecked on Malta. He stays for three months and converts Publius, the first bishop of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372200754#Religion", "title": "AD 60", "revid": 1372200754, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 534, "year_label": "534 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April", "text": "April – Belisarius leaves a small force in Africa under the Byzantine general Solomon, to continue the subjugation of the province. He is appointed governor (Exarch) and pacifies the Moorish tribes with success. Malta becomes a Byzantine province (until 870).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353013996#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "534", "revid": 1353013996, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 827, "year_label": "827 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Euphemius, exiled Byzantine admiral, asks for the help of North African Arabs, to retake Sicily and Malta from the Byzantines. Emir Ziyadat Allah I of Ifriqiya promises to return the islands to Euphemius, in exchange for a yearly tribute, and sends an Arab Muslim expeditionary force of 10,000 men under the 70-year-old Asad ibn al-Furat, which lands at Mazara del Vallo in Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941309#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "827", "revid": 1340941309, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 868, "year_label": "868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Arab forces under Muhammad II, emir of the Aghlabid Dynasty (modern Tunisia), conquer the island of Malta and raid into the mainland of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358169430#Africa", "title": "868", "revid": 1358169430, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 870, "year_label": "870 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Arab War: A Muslim expeditionary force, led by Halaf al-Hadim, Arab governor of Sicily, conquers Malta. He is welcomed by the local Christian inhabitants as liberator of the agonizing Byzantine yoke. The Muslims sign a treaty with the Christians to live in peace after liberating the island from the Byzantines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129562#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "870", "revid": 1341129562, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Norman invasion of Malta: A Norman fleet led by Count Roger I of Sicily (\"Bosso\") arrives in Malta. Roger disembarks his army, and besieges the island's capital Medina (modern-day Mdina). The inhabitants negotiate peace terms (by promising to pay an annual tribute) and swear an oath of loyalty to Roger. On the way back, the Normans sack the island Gozo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Europe", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1122, "year_label": "1122 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Almoravid fleet attacks Sicily to suppress the Italo-Norman raiders. The same year the Muslim population of Malta rebels against the Normans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373038979#Europe", "title": "1122", "revid": 1373038979, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1127, "year_label": "1127 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Roger II of Sicily claims the Hauteville possessions in Italy as well the overlordship of Capua. However, a coalition of Norman noblemen in Apulia and Calabria resist (supported by Pope Honorius II) against Sicilian rule. The same year, Roger regains control over Malta after a rebellion. Roger II also establishes a pact with the maritime Republic of Savona to guarantee the security of the Mediterranean Sea, probably following an Almoravid raid against the Sicilian realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348045996#Europe", "title": "1127", "revid": 1348045996, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 8", "text": "July 8 – Battle of Malta: An Aragonese fleet (some 20 galleys) under Admiral Roger of Lauria attacks and defeats the Angevin ships in the Grand Harbour, sent to help put down a rebellion on Malta. Lauria lands his troops at the harbour and after two days raises his banner on the fortified city of Mdina (\"Old City\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Europe", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Università, a form of local government, is established in Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#Date_unknown", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights in Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually re-settle on Malta, and become known as the Knights of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#October–December", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1530, "year_label": "1530 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The Knights of Malta are formed, when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Charles V. They transfer the island capital from Mdina to Birgu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794362#October–December", "title": "1530", "revid": 1366794362, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – The Holy League, an alliance of Christian nations (the Papal States and the Republic of Venice, the Knights Hospitaller of Malta, Spain and the Spanish-ruled Viceroyalty of Naples and Sicily), is agreed upon under the direction of Pope Paul III and Venetian Senator Alvise Badoer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#January–March", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Invasion of Gozo: Ottoman Turks and Barbary pirates invade the Mediterranean island of Gozo (now part of Malta), and enslave almost all of its 6,000 inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#July–September", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning the Great Siege of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#April–June", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – The foundation stone of Valletta, which will become Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#January–March", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Order of the Knights of Saint John transfers the capital of Malta, from Birgu to Valletta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#January–March", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1614, "year_label": "1614 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Raid of Żejtun: Ottoman forces make a final attempt to conquer the island of Malta, but are beaten back by the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372816433#July–September", "title": "1614", "revid": 1372816433, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The 1623 Malta plague outbreak is contained after killing around 40 people on the island of Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#Date_unknown", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1693, "year_label": "1693 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – The Mount Etna volcano erupts in Italy, causing a devastating earthquake that kills 60,000 people in Sicily and Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343170745#January–March", "title": "1693", "revid": 1343170745, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1711, "year_label": "1711 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – The inauguration of the newly built Cathedral of the Assumption takes place in Gozo, Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364260988#July–September", "title": "1711", "revid": 1364260988, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – The Conspiracy of the Slaves, which was to have taken place on June 29, is revealed in Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#April–June", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1798, "year_label": "1798 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – French invasion of Malta: French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte capture the island fortress of Malta on the way to Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366050846#January–June", "title": "1798", "revid": 1366050846, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1804, "year_label": "1804 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge sets sail on The Speedwell for the Mediterranean. In Malta, he obtains employment as a public official.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369393739#April–June", "title": "1804", "revid": 1369393739, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4–12 – Froberg mutiny: The British suppress a mutiny at Fort Ricasoli, Malta, by men of the irregularly-recruited Froberg Regiment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#April–June", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Maronite leader Bashir Shihab II surrenders to the Ottomans, and on October 14 goes into exile, initially in Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#October–December", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Stella Maris Church, Sliema on Malta becomes a parish, seceding from the Parish of St. Helen's in Birkirkara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365252865#December", "title": "1878", "revid": 1365252865, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – In anticipation of war with Russia, Disraeli mobilizes British reserves, and calls up Indian troops to Malta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365252865#March", "title": "1878", "revid": 1365252865, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – British authorities in Egypt arrest populist leader Saad Zaghloul, exiling him to Malta, triggering the Egyptian Revolution of 1919.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#March", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – The Ottoman Empire is abolished after 600 years, and its last sultan, Mehmed VI, abdicates, leaving for exile, initially in Malta, on November 17.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#November", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – WWII: The British Royal Navy light cruiser is bombed, catches fire and has to be sunk off Malta, with the loss of 81 crew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#January", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12–15 – WWII: Operation Harpoon – An Allied convoy under Admiral Alban Curteis leaves from Gibraltar with 6 merchant ships escorted by the British battleship HMS Malaya, aircraft carriers HMS Argus and HMS Eagle, 4 cruisers and 17 destroyers to Malta. Two of the six merchant ships completes the journey, at the cost of several Allied warships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#June", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Malta becomes a republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372602919#November–December", "title": "1974", "revid": 1372602919, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The last British soldier (belonging to the Royal Navy) leaves the Maltese Islands, after 179 years of presence. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#March", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – In Malta, Prime Minister Dom Mintoff resigns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#December", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – EgyptAir Flight 648 is hijacked by the Abu Nidal group and flown to Malta, where Egyptian commandos storm the plane; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#November", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The Treaty of Accession is signed in Athens between the European Union and ten countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia), concerning these countries' accession into the EU, leading to the 2004 enlargement of the European Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#April", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Malta approves joining the European Union in a referendum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#March", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia join the Schengen border-free zone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#December", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Cyprus and Malta adopt the euro currency.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#January", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › January"}}]}