{"slug": "manila", "label": "Manila", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1461", "qid": "Q1461", "description": "capital city of the Philippines", "entries": 26, "years": 24, "span": [1564, 2006], "span_label": ["1564 CE", "2006 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "philippines", "label": "Philippines", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "governor-general-of-the-philippines", "label": "Governor-General of the Philippines", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "acapulco", "label": "Acapulco", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "portuguese-empire", "label": "Portuguese Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bolivia", "label": "Bolivia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-world", "label": "New World", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "british-east-india-company", "label": "British East India Company", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1564, "year_label": "1564 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi sails from Mexico. Later, he will conquer the Philippine Islands, founding Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363117508#October–December", "title": "1564", "revid": 1363117508, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – Following the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila is complete; Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi makes Manila a city, and the capital of the Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#April–June", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first Spanish galleon, laden with silver for the porcelain and silk trade with the Ming Dynasty of China, lands at Manila in the Philippines. This occasion marks the beginning of the Spanish silver trade to China, that will trump that of the Portuguese, the latter of whom acted as an intermediary between the silver mines of Japan, and the luxury items in China to be purchased with that silver. Most of the silver entering China comes from what is now Mexico, Bolivia, and Peru in the New World.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#Date_unknown", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1574, "year_label": "1574 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Manila, Philippines gains cityhood.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368294863#April–June", "title": "1574", "revid": 1368294863, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "12 million pesos of silver cross the Pacific. Although it is unknown just how much silver flowed from the Spanish base of Manila in the Philippines to the Ming Dynasty of China, it is known that the main port for the Mexican silver trade—Acapulco—shipped out 150,000 to 345,000 kg (4 to 9 million taels) of silver annually from this year to 1602.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Date_unknown", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – On the Philippine island of Luzon, the Sangley Rebellion against Spanish rule ends with the massacre of 20,000 Sangley Chinese residents in Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#October–December", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – The Black Nazarene, a statue, arrives in Manila from Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561009#January–March", "title": "1606", "revid": 1369561009, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1611, "year_label": "1611 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – The Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario is established in Manila, the Philippines (later renamed Colegio de Santo Tomas, and later still the University of Santo Tomas).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277342005#April–June", "title": "1611", "revid": 1277342005, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Rioting in the Chinese section of Manila breaks out in the wake of calls to kill non-Christian Chinese residents of the Philippines, and the Spanish Army fires cannons at the rioting crowd. An order follows for non-Christian Chinese Filipinos to leave Manila, and for Christian Filipinos to register with the government. Boats begin transporting the non-Christians back to China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – In Manila, a peace treaty is signed between Spain's Governor-General of the Philippines, Fernándo Valdés y Tamon, and the Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu, recognizing Azim's authority over the islands of the Sulu Archipelago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#January–March", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Lord Anson captures the Philippine galleon Nuestra Señora de Covadonga and its treasure of 1,313,843 Spanish dollars at Manila along with a treasure of 2 1/2 million dollars, and proceeds back toward Mexico, then returns to Britain in 1744", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#July–September", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Sultan Azim ud-Din I, recently forced to flee to Manila after being driven from the throne of Sultanate of Sulu elsewhere in the Philippine Islands, announces his intention to convert from Sunni Islam to become baptized as a Christian within the Roman Catholic Church. He changes his name to Fernando after being baptized.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#October–December", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1762, "year_label": "1762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24–October 6 – Battle of Manila: Troops of the British East India Company take Manila from the Spanish, leading to the British occupation of Manila and its being made an open port.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806393#July–September", "title": "1762", "revid": 1340806393, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Francisco Javier de la Torre arrives in Manila to become the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#January–June", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Spanish–American War: Battle of Manila – By prior agreement, the Spanish commander surrenders the city of Manila in the Philippines to the United States, in order to keep it out of the hands of Filipino rebels, ending the war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#August", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – The first major battle of the Philippine–American War concludes with the capture by the U.S. of the San Juan River Bridge that connects Manila and San Juan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#February", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – The flying boat China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California, United States, to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean; on November 29 the aircraft reaches its final destination, Manila, and delivers over 110,000 pieces of mail.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#November", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Pan Am flying boat Hawaii Clipper disappears with 6 passengers and 9 crew members, en route from Guam to Manila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#July", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila in the Philippines, for leading the Bataan Death March.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#April", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) is formed in Manila, Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#May", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) treaty is signed in Manila, Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#September", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Benigno Aquino Jr., Philippines opposition leader, is assassinated in Manila just as he returns from exile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#August", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Half a million people in Manila demonstrate against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#August", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – The Light Rail Transit in Manila begins service with the opening of its southern segment, as the first rapid transit service in Southeast Asia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#December", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10–15 – The World Youth Day 1995 festival is held in Manila, Philippines, culminating in 5 million people gathering for John Paul II's concluding mass in Quirino Grandstand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#January", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Typhoon Xangsane passed Manila on its way to causing more than 300 deaths, mostly in the Philippines and Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#September", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › September"}}]}