{"slug": "mapuche", "label": "Mapuche", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapuche", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178484", "qid": "Q178484", "description": "Amerindian people, who inhabit the historical territory of the Araucanía in the current states of Argentina and Chile", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [1532, 1849], "span_label": ["1532 CE", "1849 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "chile", "label": "Chile", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "inca-empire", "label": "Inca Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1532, "year_label": "1532 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Possible date for the Battle of the Maule between Incas and Mapuches, according to historian Osvaldo Silva.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818925#Date_unknown", "title": "1532", "revid": 1368818925, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Reynogüelén: Spanish conquistadors defeat a group of Mapuches in Chile, during the expedition of Diego de Almagro.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#Date_unknown", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Arauco War: Battle of Penco – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche in modern-day Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#January–March", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1553, "year_label": "1553 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Battle of Tucapel: Mapuche rebels under Lautaro defeat the Spanish conquistadors, and execute Pedro de Valdivia, the first Royal Governor of Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480437#October–December", "title": "1553", "revid": 1362480437, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Arauco War – Battle of Mataquito: Spanish forces of Governor Francisco de Villagra launch a dawn surprise attack against the Mapuche (headed by their toqui Lautaro), in present-day Chile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#April–June", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Arauco War: Pedro de Avendaño, with sixty men, captures Caupolicán (the Mapuche Gran Toqui), who is leading their first revolt against the Spanish Empire (near Antihuala), encamped with a small band of followers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#January–March", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – Arauco War: The hated encomendero Pedro de Avendaño and two other Spaniards are killed, triggering the Second Great Rebellion of the Mapuche.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#July–September", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelantaro, inflict a major defeat on Spanish troops in southern Chile; all Spanish cities south of the Bío Bío River eventually fall victim to the Destruction of the Seven Cities by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the later 19th century Occupation of Araucanía.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#October–December", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – In what is now the South American nation of Chile, the indigenous Mapuche lay siege to the Spanish colonial settlement of Nacimiento. The Spanish captain and a force of 40 men are able to hold out until reinforcements arrive two days later, but the attackers take muskets and two cannons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#January–March", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1651, "year_label": "1651 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín, in 1641 and 1647.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365975166#January–March", "title": "1651", "revid": 1365975166, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1655, "year_label": "1655 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – The Mapuches launch coordinated attacks against the Spanish in Chile, beginning the Mapuche uprising of 1655.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365983750#January–March", "title": "1655", "revid": 1365983750, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1656, "year_label": "1656 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Reinforced by soldiers dispatched by the Viceroy of Peru, Spanish Chilean troops defeat the indigenous Mapuche warriors in a battle at San Fabián de Conuco in what is now central Chile, turning the tide in the Spanish colonists favor in the Mapuche uprising after more than a year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372048661#January–March", "title": "1656", "revid": 1372048661, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1723, "year_label": "1723 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – The Mapuche Uprising begins in Chile as the indigenous Mapuche people, commanded by Toqui (war chief) Vilumilla, leading an attack against the city of Tucapel. The war lasts until February 13, 1726.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255771#January–March", "title": "1723", "revid": 1350255771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1726, "year_label": "1726 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – The Parliament of Negrete (between Mapuche and Spanish authorities in Chile) brings an end to the Mapuche uprising of 1723–26.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372345509#January–March", "title": "1726", "revid": 1372345509, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1766, "year_label": "1766 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Mapuches in Chile launch a series of surprise attacks against the Spanish starting the Mapuche uprising of 1766.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358061260#October–December", "title": "1766", "revid": 1358061260, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31–August 1 – Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362576929#July–September", "title": "1849", "revid": 1362576929, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}