{"slug": "marcus-aurelius", "label": "Marcus Aurelius", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430", "qid": "Q1430", "description": "16th Roman Emperor from 161 to 180 and Stoic philosopher", "entries": 38, "years": 35, "span": [19, 212], "span_label": ["19 CE", "212 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Births", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "marcomanni", "label": "Marcomanni", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "lucius-verus", "label": "Lucius Verus", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "antoninus-pius", "label": "Antoninus Pius", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "commodus", "label": "Commodus", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "aquileia", "label": "Aquileia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ancient-rome", "label": "Ancient Rome", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pannonia", "label": "Pannonia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "germanic-tribes", "label": "Germanic tribes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "caesar-title", "label": "Caesar (title)", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 19, "year_label": "19 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Maroboduus, king of the Marcomanni, is deposed by Catualda. This ends the threat to the Romans from Germanic tribes until the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Rome places them under its protection.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Roman_Empire", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 19 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 121, "year_label": "121 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – Marcus Annius Verus, later Emperor Marcus Aurelius (d. 180)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371191929#Births", "title": "AD 121", "revid": 1371191929, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 123, "year_label": "123 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Annia Cornificia Faustina, sister of Marcus Aurelius (d. 158)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339094983#Births", "title": "AD 123", "revid": 1339094983, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 124, "year_label": "124 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Annius Verus, father of Marcus Aurelius", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330350231#Deaths", "title": "AD 124", "revid": 1330350231, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 138, "year_label": "138 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Emperor Hadrian makes Antoninus Pius his successor, on condition that he adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185929#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 138", "revid": 1371185929, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 139, "year_label": "139 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius is named Caesar. He marries the 9-year-old Faustina the Younger, daughter of Antoninus Pius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325704547#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 139", "revid": 1325704547, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 140, "year_label": "140 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187415#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 140", "revid": 1371187415, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 145, "year_label": "145 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267079583#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 145", "revid": 1267079583, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 146, "year_label": "146 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius receives the imperium proconsular.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371186775#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 146", "revid": 1371186775, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 147, "year_label": "147 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius receives imperial powers, from Emperor Antoninus Pius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187657#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 147", "revid": 1371187657, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 147, "year_label": "147 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187657#Births", "title": "AD 147", "revid": 1371187657, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 151, "year_label": "151 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina, daughter of Marcus Aurelius", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367877886#Births", "title": "AD 151", "revid": 1367877886, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 159, "year_label": "159 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Annia Aurelia Fadilla, daughter of Marcus Aurelius", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189754#Births", "title": "AD 159", "revid": 1371189754, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 160, "year_label": "160 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (d. 212)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367884973#Births", "title": "AD 160", "revid": 1367884973, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 161, "year_label": "161 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – Emperor Antoninus Pius dies, and is succeeded by Marcus Aurelius, who shares imperial power with Lucius Verus, although Marcus retains the title Pontifex Maximus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371301434#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 161", "revid": 1371301434, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 162, "year_label": "162 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Annius Verus Caesar, one of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius's thirteen children (d. 169)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371301532#Births", "title": "AD 162", "revid": 1371301532, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 164, "year_label": "164 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius gives his daughter Lucilla in marriage to his co-emperor Lucius Verus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371301890#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 164", "revid": 1371301890, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 165, "year_label": "165 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Legio II Italica is levied by Emperor Marcus Aurelius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302074#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 165", "revid": 1371302074, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 166, "year_label": "166 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius appoints his sons Commodus and Marcus Annius Verus as co-rulers (Caesar), while he and Lucius Verus travel to Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302266#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 166", "revid": 1371302266, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 167, "year_label": "167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Marcomanni tribe wages war against the Romans at Aquileia. They destroy aqueducts and irrigation conduits. Marcus Aurelius repels the invaders, ending the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) that has kept the Roman Empire free of conflict since the days of Emperor Augustus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302510#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 167", "revid": 1371302510, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 168, "year_label": "168 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his adopted brother Lucius Verus leave Rome, and establish their headquarters at Aquileia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302660#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 168", "revid": 1371302660, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 169, "year_label": "169 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius becomes sole Roman Emperor upon the death of Lucius Verus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302818#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 169", "revid": 1371302818, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 170, "year_label": "170 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius writes in Sirmium (Pannonia) his first of 12 books of the Meditations in Koine Greek.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303023#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 170", "revid": 1371303023, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 171, "year_label": "171 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius forms a new military command, the praetentura Italiae et Alpium. Aquileia is relieved, and the Marcomanni are evicted from Roman territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303100#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 171", "revid": 1371303100, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 172, "year_label": "172 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius crosses the Danube with an expeditionary force. He subdues the Marcomanni and their allies and then, in a pact signed with the Germanic tribes, he imports them into the Roman Empire to occupy areas that have been depopulated by the plague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303180#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 172", "revid": 1371303180, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 174, "year_label": "174 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius officially confers the title Fulminata (\"Thundering\") to the Legio XII Fulminata.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304491#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 174", "revid": 1371304491, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 174, "year_label": "174 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Empress Faustina the Younger accompanies her husband, Marcus Aurelius, on various military campaigns and enjoys the love of the Roman soldiers. Aurelius gives her the title of Mater Castrorum (\"Mother of the Camp\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304491#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 174", "revid": 1371304491, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 175, "year_label": "175 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius suppresses a revolt of Avidius Cassius, governor of Syria, after the latter proclaims himself emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304741#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 175", "revid": 1371304741, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 176, "year_label": "176 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of Imperator, and makes him Supreme Commander of the Roman legions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304911#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 176", "revid": 1371304911, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 178, "year_label": "178 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his son Commodus arrive at Carnuntum in Pannonia, and travel to the Danube to fight against the Marcomanni.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305397#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 178", "revid": 1371305397, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 179, "year_label": "179 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aurelius drives the Marcomanni over the Danube and reinforces the border. To repopulate and rebuild a devastated Pannonia, Rome allows the first German colonists to enter territory controlled by the Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305494#Roman_empire", "title": "AD 179", "revid": 1371305494, "section": "Events › By place › Roman empire"}}, {"year": 180, "year_label": "180 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius dies after a week's illness at his camp in Vindobona (modern Vienna). He is succeeded by his son Commodus (age 18).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305659#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 180", "revid": 1371305659, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 180, "year_label": "180 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor (b. 121)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305659#Deaths", "title": "AD 180", "revid": 1371305659, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 182, "year_label": "182 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Lucilla, Roman empress and daughter of Marcus Aurelius", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371306024#Deaths", "title": "AD 182", "revid": 1371306024, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 193, "year_label": "193 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 50 percent under emperor Septimius Severus, down from 68 percent under Marcus Aurelius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310592#Commerce", "title": "AD 193", "revid": 1371310592, "section": "Events › By topic › Commerce"}}, {"year": 195, "year_label": "195 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Septimius Severus has the Roman Senate deify the previous emperor Commodus, in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314035#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 195", "revid": 1371314035, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 197, "year_label": "197 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314350#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 197", "revid": 1371314350, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 212, "year_label": "212 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (b. 160)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371186817#Deaths", "title": "212", "revid": 1371186817, "section": "Deaths"}}]}