{"slug": "medina", "label": "Medina", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35484", "qid": "Q35484", "description": "city in Medina Province, Saudi Arabia", "entries": 24, "years": 19, "span": [617, 1899], "span_label": ["617 CE", "1899 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mecca", "label": "Mecca", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "muhammad", "label": "Muhammad", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "saudi-arabia", "label": "Saudi Arabia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "diocese-of-egypt", "label": "Diocese of Egypt", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rashidun-caliphate", "label": "Rashidun Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 617, "year_label": "617 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bu'ath: A pre-Islamic Arabian conflict between the Aws and Khazraj, two major Arabian tribes of Medina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751852#Religion", "title": "617", "revid": 1364751852, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 617, "year_label": "617 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Meccans begin a boycott of the Banu Hashim clan, to which Islamic prophet Muhammad belongs. A civil war begins in Medina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751852#Religion", "title": "617", "revid": 1364751852, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 622, "year_label": "622 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 or June 17 – The Islamic prophet Muhammad secretly leaves his home in Mecca to make the Hijrah (emigrate) to Yathrib (later renamed by him Medina), along with his companion Abu Bakr. They take refuge in the Cave of Thawr south of Mecca for three days, departing on September 13 or June 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342469#Religion", "title": "622", "revid": 1368342469, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Jewish community in Medina (Saudi Arabia) rejects the idea of Muhammad being a leader of Judaism. He and his followers stop bowing toward Jerusalem and start bowing toward Makkah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Religion", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – A group of 1,000 Muslims from Mecca, led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, sets out from Mecca to capture Medina, defended by the Banu Khazraj tribe, led by Abd Allah ibn Ubayy. The two forces will fight combat three months later, on March 23, 625, at the Battle of Uhud.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#July–December", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › July–December"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – While praying in the Masjid al-Qiblatayn in Medina, the Islamic prophet Muhammad receives revelations from God on the qibla, the direction of prayer, that he should be facing Mecca rather than Jerusalem during prayer, beginning an Islamic tradition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#January–June", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › January–June"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – (29 Rajab 2 AH) The Raid on Nakhla, the first successful raid the Muslims of Medina, against the Quraysh tribe in Mecca, is carried out by Abd Allah ibn Jahsh, who leads the plunder of a caravan of supplies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#January–June", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › January–June"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – (17 Ramadah 2 AH) The Battle of Badr takes place in what is now Saudi Arabia as Muhammad and some 300 of his followers from Medina surprise a reinforced Meccan caravan at Badr (modern-day Saudi Arabia) returning from Syria, and defeat about 1,000 Quraysh from Mecca. After having heard that clan leader Abu Sufyan is escorting a rich trade caravan, Muhammad has the wells along its route (southwest of Medina) filled with sand in order to lure him into battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#January–June", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › January–June"}}, {"year": 627, "year_label": "627 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Battle of the Trench: Muhammad successfully withstands a siege for 27 days at Medina, by Meccan forces (10,000 men) under Abu Sufyan, whose allies, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza, ultimately surrender to Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346712156#Arabia", "title": "627", "revid": 1346712156, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 628, "year_label": "628 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, Islamic prophet, leads about 1,400 men on a pilgrimage to Mecca where their passage is blocked. The Quraysh tribe and the Muslim community in Medina sign a 10 year truce (Treaty of Hudaybiyyah).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803502#Arabia", "title": "628", "revid": 1340803502, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 629, "year_label": "629 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May–June – Battle of Khaybar: Muhammad and his followers defeat the Jews living in the fortified oasis at Khaybar, located 150 kilometers from Medina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803532#Arabia", "title": "629", "revid": 1340803532, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Muhammad dies at Medina at the age of 63, after an illness and fever.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Arabia", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Muhammad dies in Medina, at the age of 62, and is succeeded by Abu Bakr who becomes the first caliph (vicegerent of the messenger of God). He establishes the Rashidun Caliphate until 661.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Religion", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Abu Bakr dies at Medina and is succeeded by Umar I, who becomes the second caliph (khalifah) of the Rashidun Caliphate. During his rule, Umar conquers Syria, Persia, and Egypt in a \"Holy War\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Arabia", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: The Rashidun army (4,000 men), under the command of 'Amr ibn al-'As, invades Byzantine Egypt. They capture the strategic town of Pelusium (Nile Delta) after a two-month siege. Arab reinforcements led by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam are sent from Medina to assist Amr's army. The losses incurred by the Muslims are ameliorated by Sinai Bedouins, tribes of Rashida and Lakhm; they join the invaders in conquering Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Arabian_Empire", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 644, "year_label": "644 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – The second caliph Umar, , dies of wounds inflicted by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz at Medina. On his death bed he appoints a committee to determine his successor. They select Uthman ibn Affan, who becomes the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635050#Islamic_Empire", "title": "644", "revid": 1367635050, "section": "Events › By place › Islamic Empire"}}, {"year": 656, "year_label": "656 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "First Islamic Civil War: An armed revolt erupts in Egypt; several Muslim sympathisers travel to Medina to rally support, beginning the fitna (literally meaning the 'trail of faith'). The Muslim expansion comes to a halt as the martial energies of the Islamic forces are directed inwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635539#Arabian_Empire", "title": "656", "revid": 1367635539, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 683, "year_label": "683 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – Battle of al-Harra: The Umayyad Caliphate defeats the rebel defenders of Medina, at a lava field northeast of the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313750#Arabian_Empire", "title": "683", "revid": 1367313750, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 691, "year_label": "691 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Maskin: An Umayyad army under caliph Abd al-Malik defeats the rebel forces in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). He reconquers the Arabian Peninsula, taking the holy city of Medina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806265#Arabian_Empire", "title": "691", "revid": 1340806265, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 762, "year_label": "762 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – The Alid Revolt begins: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya raises the banner against the Abbasids at Medina, followed by his brother Ibrahim ibn Abdallah at Basra in early 763. Muhammad's rebellion is suppressed, and he is killed by Abbasid troops under Isa ibn Musa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847727#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "762", "revid": 1340847727, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 786, "year_label": "786 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Battle of Fakhkh: An Alid uprising in Medina is crushed by the Abbasids. One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, flees to the Maghreb in western North Africa, where he later founds the Idrisid dynasty in 788/789.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848276#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "786", "revid": 1340848276, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – A large volcanic eruption in Harrat Rahat (near Medina) is associated with an Islamic prophecy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#Natural_Disaster", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By topic › Natural Disaster"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 - Preparing the declaration of independence from the colony of the Hashimi Empire, namely the Arya Bayu Kingdom by Khan Nasaruddin II, who was crowned in Mecca,Medina, and Isfahan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#January–February", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – A report documented that bubonic plague reached Medina and another report noted that at least 21 cases of the plague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#March", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › March"}}]}