{"slug": "memphis-egypt", "label": "Memphis, Egypt", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis%2C_Egypt", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5715", "qid": "Q5715", "description": "ancient capital of Egypt", "entries": 11, "years": 11, "span": [-2239, 115], "span_label": ["2240 BCE", "115 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pharaoh", "label": "Pharaoh", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nile-delta", "label": "Nile Delta", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "assyria", "label": "Assyria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "artaxerxes-ii", "label": "Artaxerxes II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pharnabazus-5th-century-bc", "label": "Pharnabazus (5th century BC)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nubia", "label": "Nubia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "artaxerxes-iii", "label": "Artaxerxes III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pelusium", "label": "Pelusium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -2239, "year_label": "2240 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "c. 2240 BC: Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Memphis, capital of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895841#Events", "title": "23rd century BC", "revid": 1371895841, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1556, "year_label": "1557 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "1557 BC—Estimation: Memphis, capital of Lower Egypt becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Avaris, capital of the Hyksos in Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694621#Events_and_trends", "title": "1550s BC", "revid": 1361694621, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1399, "year_label": "1400 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "1400 BC – Estimation: Thebes, capital of Egypt becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Memphis in Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315282659#Events_and_trends", "title": "1400s BC (decade)", "revid": 1315282659, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -727, "year_label": "728 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "728 BC: Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Delta. He founds the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363514202#720s_BC", "title": "8th century BC", "revid": 1363514202, "section": "Events › 720s BC"}}, {"year": -670, "year_label": "671 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Esarhaddon of Assyria defeats the Kushite-Egyptian army of Pharaoh Taharqa and captures Memphis, along with a number of the royal family. He sets up a new Assyrian administration in Lower Egypt and withdraws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510320#Events", "title": "671 BC", "revid": 1370510320, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -666, "year_label": "667 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Ashurbanipal of Assyria resumes his late father's attack on Egypt (see 671 BC), recapturing Memphis and beginning an offensive into Upper Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510245#Middle_East", "title": "667 BC", "revid": 1370510245, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": -398, "year_label": "399 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Amyrtaeus of Egypt is defeated in battle by his successor, Nepherites I of Mendes, and executed at Memphis. King Nepherites I, or Nefaarud I, founds the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt. He makes Mendes his capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1262065705#Egypt", "title": "399 BC", "revid": 1262065705, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -372, "year_label": "373 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Persian King Artaxerxes II launches an invasion of Egypt to bring that country back under Persian rule. The invasion is led by Pharnabazus. After initial successes, the Greek mercenaries fighting for the Persians push on towards Memphis. However, King Nectanebo I is able to gather his forces and repulse the Persian invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1080639284#Persian_Empire", "title": "373 BC", "revid": 1080639284, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -342, "year_label": "343 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt. The Persians are keen to access Egypt's gold and corn supplies. The town of Pelusium in the Nile Delta puts up resistance, but Pharaoh Nectanebo II is forced to retreat to Memphis. As the situation deteriorates, Nectanebo II leaves for exile in Nubia. His departure marks the end of the 30th Dynasty, the last native house to rule Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172730#Persian_Empire", "title": "343 BC", "revid": 1354172730, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -321, "year_label": "322 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "By custom, kings in Macedonia assert their right to the throne by burying their predecessor. To pre-empt Perdiccas, the imperial regent, Ptolemy has Alexander the Great's body brought to Memphis, Egypt and buried there in a gold sarcophagus. Ptolemy then marries Alexander's mistress, Thaïs and commences to reign as king of Egypt and the adjacent Libyan and Arabian regions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1316405653#Egypt", "title": "322 BC", "revid": 1316405653, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 115, "year_label": "115 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alexandria in Egypt is damaged during the Jewish-Greek civil wars. Marcus Rutilius Lupus, the Roman governor, sends Legio XXII Deiotariana to protect the inhabitants of Memphis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371191693#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 115", "revid": 1371191693, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}]}