{"slug": "messenia", "label": "Messenia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11723843", "qid": "Q11723843", "description": "regional unit in the southwestern part of the Peloponnese, Greece", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [-714, 25], "span_label": ["715 BCE", "25 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-greece", "label": "Ancient Greece", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "illyria", "label": "Illyria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "peloponnesus", "label": "Peloponnesus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "achaea", "label": "Achaea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piracy", "label": "Piracy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-corinth", "label": "Ancient Corinth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thessaly", "label": "Thessaly", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "demetrius-poliorcetes", "label": "Demetrius Poliorcetes", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tiberius", "label": "Tiberius", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mauretania", "label": "Mauretania", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -714, "year_label": "715 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "c. 715 BC—Conquest of Messenia by Sparta ends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368385620#Events_and_trends", "title": "710s BC", "revid": 1368385620, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -647, "year_label": "648 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Messenians in the Peloponnese revolt against Sparta under the leadership of king Aristomenes, beginning a struggle that will continue until 631 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372392769#Greece", "title": "648 BC", "revid": 1372392769, "section": "Events › Greece"}}, {"year": -463, "year_label": "464 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "When the Messenian helots (serfs) revolt against their Spartan masters following the severe earthquake, King Archidamus II organises the defence of Sparta. The helots fortify themselves at Mount Ithome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884953#Greece", "title": "464 BC", "revid": 1288884953, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -461, "year_label": "462 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartans try to conquer the mountain stronghold of Mt Ithome in Messenia, where a large force of rebellious helots have taken refuge. They ask their allies from the Persian Wars, including the Athenians, to help.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837683#Greece", "title": "462 BC", "revid": 1267837683, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -368, "year_label": "369 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Epaminondas briefly returns to Arcadia, then marches south to Messenia, a territory which the Spartans had conquered some 200 years before. There, Epaminondas starts the rebuilding of the ancient city of Messene on Mount Ithome, with fortifications that are among the strongest in Greece. He then issues a call to Messenian exiles all over Greece to return and rebuild their homeland. The loss of Messenia is particularly damaging to the Spartans, since the territory comprises one-third of Sparta's territory and contains half of their helot population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1256893468#Greece", "title": "369 BC", "revid": 1256893468, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -301, "year_label": "302 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antigonus' son Demetrius Poliorcetes attacks Cassander's forces in Thessaly. Cassander loses his possessions south of Thessaly to Demetrius. Antigonus and Demetrius crown their success by renewing the pan-Hellenic league. Ambassadors from all the Hellenic states (with the exception of Sparta, Messenia and Thessaly) meet at Corinth to elect Antigonus and Demetrius protectors of the new league.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372589595#Greece", "title": "302 BC", "revid": 1372589595, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Archidamus V, son of the Spartan King, Eudamidas II, and grandson of Archidamus IV, flees to Messenia after the murder of his brother Agis IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#Greece", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Together with fellow Illyrian, Scerdilaidas, Demetrius of Pharos attacks Illyrian cities under Roman protection and leads a piratical squadron into Greek waters. They unsuccessfully attack Pylos, an Achaean town on the Messenian coast, in the Peloponnesus of Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#Greece", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -31, "year_label": "32 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Zacynthus is held by Gaius Sosius, and Methone (Messenia) by Bogud of the royal house of Mauretania, driven into exile by his brother Bocchus II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325920749#Roman_Republic", "title": "32 BC", "revid": 1325920749, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 25, "year_label": "25 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Tiberius settles a dispute between Messenia and Sparta over the Ager Dentheliales on Mount Taygetus, awarding the land to Messenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369984933#Roman_Empire", "title": "20s", "revid": 1369984933, "section": "Events › 25 AD › Roman Empire"}}]}