{"slug": "michael-ix-palaiologos", "label": "Michael IX Palaiologos", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37098", "qid": "Q37098", "description": "Byzantine co-emperor", "entries": 7, "years": 6, "span": [1277, 1320], "span_label": ["1277 CE", "1320 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "istanbul", "label": "Istanbul", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantium", "label": "Byzantium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "second-bulgarian-empire", "label": "Second Bulgarian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "macedonia-greece", "label": "Macedonia (Greece)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "catalan-company", "label": "Catalan Company", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "andronikos-ii-palaiologos", "label": "Andronikos II Palaiologos", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1320)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Births", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – In modern-day Turkey, Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos launches a military campaign against Turkish forces who have been conducting raids, and marches from Constantinople. His army travels southward as far as Magnesia ad Maeander (the ruins of which are now near the town of Ortaklar in what is now Turkey's Aydin Province). Palaiologos seeks to directly confront the Turkish forces, but is dissuaded by his generals. In the meantime, the Turks resume their raids, isolating Michael at Magnesia. His army is dissolved without a battle, as the local forces are left behind to defend their homes. The Alans (Byzantine mercenaries) too leave, to rejoin their families in Thrace. Michael is forced to withdraw by the sea, followed by another wave of refugees.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#April–June", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – A major earthquake strikes Byzantium and Constantinople (now Istanbul in Turkey). Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos spreads the word that the former Patriarch of the Eastern Church, Athanasius I had given him a warning about the imminent wrath of God against the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#January–March", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Skafida: Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 10,000 men) to halt the expansion of the Bulgarians in Thrace. The two armies meet near Sozopol on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast. During the battle, the Bulgarian army led by Tsar Theodore Svetoslav is defeated and routed. The Byzantines, infatuated with the chase of the retreating enemy, crowd on a bridge – which possibly is sabotaged, and break down. The Bulgarians capture many Byzantine soldiers and some nobles are held for ransom. Svetoslav secures his territorial gains and stabilizes himself as the sole ruler of the Bulgarian Empire (until 1322).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1305, "year_label": "1305 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos invites Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, to Adrianople and has him assassinated there. Along with de Flor, 300 horsemen and some 1,000 foot soldiers who accompanied him are killed. The plan is executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the expected results. Not only is the Company not disbanded, but its attacks on Byzantine territory becomes more severe. The period of destruction in Macedonia and Thrace after the murder of de Flor becomes known as the \"Catalan Revenge\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1297125288#April_–_June", "title": "1305", "revid": 1297125288, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1277)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#Deaths", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son Michael IX Palaiologos. Michael's son Andronikos begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#October_–_December", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Events › October – December"}}]}