{"slug": "michael-viii-palaiologos", "label": "Michael VIII Palaiologos", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200033", "qid": "Q200033", "description": "founder of the Palaiologan dynasty (1224–1282)", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [1223, 1281], "span_label": ["1223 CE", "1281 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-i-of-anjou", "label": "Charles I of Anjou", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "latin-empire", "label": "Latin Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "empire-of-nicaea", "label": "Empire of Nicaea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "naples", "label": "Naples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "provence", "label": "Provence", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crusades", "label": "Crusades", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Michael VIII (Palaiologos), Byzantine emperor (d. 1282)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#Births", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – George Mouzalon is assassinated in Magnesia ad Sipylum, as part of a conspiracy led by Byzantine nobles, under future Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Europe", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1261, "year_label": "1261 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Treaty of Nymphaeum: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos signs a trade and defense agreement with the Republic of Genoa, to counterweight the Venetian presence in the region. Genoa agrees to ally with the Empire of Nicaea, by providing a fleet of up to 50 galleys during the projected Nicaean siege of Constantinople, while 16 galleys are to be immediately sent against the Latin Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011180#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1261", "revid": 1350011180, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, Constantine Palaiologos, to the Peloponnese in southern Greece. The army is transported to Monemvasia on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in Euboea and the Cyclades. After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to Sparta, while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of Laconia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1265, "year_label": "1265 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – A draft Byzantine–Venetian treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, but is not ratified by Doge Reniero Zeno", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267064844#Europe", "title": "1265", "revid": 1267064844, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1268, "year_label": "1268 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – A five-year Byzantine–Venetian peace treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. It is ratified by the Doge of Venice Reniero Zeno on June 30.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318265867#War_and_politics", "title": "1268", "revid": 1318265867, "section": "Events › By topic › War and politics"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos concludes an agreement with the Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of Charles I, king of Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos is excommunicated by Pope Martin IV without any warning or provocation. Martin authorizes Charles I, king of Sicily, to make a Crusade against Michael, who has re-established his rule in Constantinople. Charles prepares an expedition in Sicily and assembles a fleet of 100 ships, and 300 more in Naples, Provence, and the Greek territories, which carry some 8,000 cavalrymen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}