{"slug": "michiel-de-ruyter", "label": "Michiel de Ruyter", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316945", "qid": "Q316945", "description": "Dutch admiral (1607-1676)", "entries": 10, "years": 8, "span": [1641, 1674], "span_label": ["1641 CE", "1674 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "commonwealth-of-england", "label": "Commonwealth of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-sea", "label": "North Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "julian-calendar", "label": "Julian calendar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "martinique", "label": "Martinique", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zeeland", "label": "Zeeland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Battle of Cape St Vincent: A Dutch fleet, with Michiel de Ruyter as third in command, beats back a Spanish-Dunkirker fleet off the coast of Portugal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#October–December", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1652, "year_label": "1652 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – First Anglo-Dutch War: Battle of Plymouth – A fleet from the Commonwealth of England attacks an outward-bound convoy of the Dutch Republic, escorted by 23 men-of-war and six fire ships, commanded by Vice-Commodore Michiel de Ruyter; the Dutch escape.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367149733#July–September", "title": "1652", "revid": 1367149733, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1652, "year_label": "1652 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367149733#January–March", "title": "1652", "revid": 1367149733, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1659, "year_label": "1659 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Dutch forces under Michiel de Ruyter free the Danish city of Nyborg from Swedish conquest that had taken place earlier in the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986380#October–December", "title": "1659", "revid": 1365986380, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1665, "year_label": "1665 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988545#October–December", "title": "1665", "revid": 1365988545, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 (June 4 Julian calendar) – The Four Days' Battle between the Dutch Republic fleet (84 ships under the command of Admiral Michiel de Ruyter) and the English Royal Navy (79 ships led by the Duke of Albemarle) in the North Sea, one of the longest naval engagements in history, ends with a retreat by the English after having started on June 11. A part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the battle ends with a Dutch victory, but heavy losses are sustained on both sides: the English lose 1,000 men and 10 ships are sunk, while the Dutch lose four ships and 1,550 men. Damaged, but not destroyed, the English fleet sets about repairs and refitting, and meets the Dutch fleet again on July 25 in the St. James's Day Battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988943#April–June", "title": "1666", "revid": 1365988943, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1667, "year_label": "1667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19–24 – The raid on the Medway in England is carried out when a fleet from the Dutch Republic under Admiral Michiel de Ruyter takes Sheerness fort, sails up the River Medway, raids Chatham Dockyard, and tows away the royal flagship The Royal Charles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989201#April–June", "title": "1667", "revid": 1365989201, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1673, "year_label": "1673 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Battle of Texel (Kijkduin): The Dutch fleet under Michiel de Ruyter defeats the English and French fleet. This prevents England's Blackheath Army from landing in Zeeland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992268#July–September", "title": "1673", "revid": 1365992268, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1673, "year_label": "1673 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 7", "text": "June 7 – First Battle of Schooneveld: In a sea battle of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, fought off the Netherlands coast, the Dutch Republic fleet (commanded by Michiel de Ruyter) defeats the allied Anglo-French fleet, commanded by Prince Rupert of the Rhine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992268#April–June", "title": "1673", "revid": 1365992268, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1674, "year_label": "1674 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – In a major battle in the Third Anglo-Dutch War, a large fleet of 18 warships from the Dutch Republic, along with 15 troop transports, nine storeships and 3,400 soldiers, arrives at the island of Martinique in the Caribbean Sea for the purpose of invasion and capture of Martinique from the French colonists. Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, commander of the Dutch forces, waits for four days before coming ashore. The French defenders, under the direction of the Governor, Antoine André de Sainte-Marthe, take advantage of the situation to block the entrances to the harbor and to reinforce troops. The Dutch invasion force is forced to retreat after sustaining heavy losses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128656#July–September", "title": "1674", "revid": 1365128656, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}